DiGuiseppi Carolyn, Roberts Ian, Wade Angie, Sculpher Mark, Edwards Phil, Godward Catherine, Pan Huiqi, Slater Suzanne
Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Campus Box B-119, Denver, CO 80262, USA.
BMJ. 2002 Nov 2;325(7371):995. doi: 10.1136/bmj.325.7371.995.
To measure the effect of giving out free smoke alarms on rates of fires and rates of fire related injury in a deprived multiethnic urban population.
Cluster randomised controlled trial.
Forty electoral wards in two boroughs of inner London, United Kingdom.
Primarily households including elderly people or children and households that are in housing rented from the borough council.
20 050 smoke alarms, fittings, and educational brochures distributed free and installed on request.
Rates of fires and related injuries during two years after the distribution; alarm ownership, installation, and function.
Giving out free smoke alarms did not reduce injuries related to fire (rate ratio 1.3; 95% confidence interval 0.9 to 1.9), admissions to hospital and deaths (1.3; 0.7 to 2.3), or fires attended by the fire brigade (1.1; 0.96 to 1.3). Similar proportions of intervention and control households had installed alarms (36/119 (30%) v 35/109 (32%); odds ratio 0.9; 95% confidence interval 0.5 to 1.7) and working alarms (19/118 (16%) v 18/108 (17%); 0.9; 0.4 to 1.8).
Giving out free smoke alarms in a deprived, multiethnic, urban community did not reduce injuries related to fire, mostly because few alarms had been installed or were maintained.
评估在贫困多民族城市人群中免费发放烟雾报警器对火灾发生率及与火灾相关的受伤率的影响。
整群随机对照试验。
英国伦敦市中心两个行政区的40个选区。
主要是有老年人或儿童的家庭以及从行政区议会租房的家庭。
免费发放并应要求安装20050个烟雾报警器、配件及教育手册。
发放后两年内的火灾发生率及相关受伤率；报警器的拥有、安装及功能情况。
免费发放烟雾报警器并未降低与火灾相关的受伤率（率比1.3；95%置信区间0.9至1.9）、住院率及死亡率（1.3；0.7至2.3），也未降低消防队出警的火灾发生率（1.1；0.96至1.3）。干预组和对照组安装报警器的家庭比例相似（36/119（30%）对35/109（32%）；优势比0.9；95%置信区间0.5至1.7），工作报警器的比例也相似（19/118（16%）对18/108（17%）；0.9；0.4至1.8）。
在贫困多民族城市社区免费发放烟雾报警器并未降低与火灾相关的受伤率，主要原因是安装或维护的报警器较少。
