神经认知功能的双向代谢调节。
Bidirectional metabolic regulation of neurocognitive function.
机构信息
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
出版信息
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2011 Nov;96(4):507-16. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2011.01.004. Epub 2011 Jan 12.
Abstract
The efficiency of somatic energy metabolism is correlated with cognitive change over the lifespan. This relationship is bidirectional, with improved overall fitness associated with enhanced synaptic function and neuroprotection, and synaptic endangerment occurring in the context of impaired energy metabolism. In this review, we discuss recent advancements in the fields of exercise, dietary energy intake and diabetes, as they relate to neuronal function in the hippocampus. Because hippocampal neurons have energy requirements that are relatively higher than those of other brain regions, they are uniquely poised to benefit from exercise, and to be harmed by diabetes. We view exercise and dietary energy restriction as being associated with enhanced hippocampal plasticity at one end of a continuum, with obesity and diabetes accompanied by cognitive impairment at the other end of the continuum. Understanding the mechanisms for this continuum may yield novel therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of cognitive decline following aging, disease, or injury.
摘要
体细胞能量代谢效率与寿命过程中的认知变化相关。这种关系是双向的，整体健康状况的改善与增强的突触功能和神经保护有关，而在能量代谢受损的情况下会出现突触损伤。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了运动、饮食能量摄入和糖尿病领域的最新进展，因为它们与海马体中的神经元功能有关。由于海马体神经元的能量需求相对高于其他脑区，因此它们特别容易受益于运动，也容易受到糖尿病的伤害。我们认为，运动和饮食能量限制与连续谱的一端的增强的海马体可塑性有关，而肥胖和糖尿病伴随着连续谱的另一端的认知障碍。了解这种连续谱的机制可能为预防和治疗衰老、疾病或损伤后认知能力下降提供新的治疗靶点。
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