Gras Doriane, Tardieu Hubert, Piolino Pascale, Nicolas Serge
Laboratoire de Psychologie et de Neuropsychologie Cognitives, CNRS FRE 3292, Universite Paris Descartes, 71 avenue Edouard Vaillant, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
Memory. 2011 Jan;19(1):92-102. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2010.537278.
Classically, false memories are studied using the DRM paradigm (Deese, 1959; Roediger & McDermott, 1995), involving use of words lists. The words of each list are linked to a critical word not presented. Participants create a false memory in recognising and/or recalling this critical word. In most cases older adults have more false memories than younger adults in this paradigm. To use less strategy-dependent material, we compared predictive inferences activated during text reading in young and healthy older participants. For example, in the sentence "The fragile porcelain vase was thrown against the wall" the predictive inference was that the vase is broken. After reading or hearing the texts, the participants had false memories in recalling and/or recognising the predictive inferences. Older adults had more false recognitions than younger adults when they read or heard the text. However, the difference did not reach significance with the cued recalled task. It is concluded that, in more ecological situations such as text reading, abilities in older adults can be preserved.
传统上，虚假记忆是使用DRM范式进行研究的（迪斯，1959年；罗德尼格和麦克德莫特，1995年），该范式涉及使用单词列表。每个列表中的单词都与一个未呈现的关键单词相关联。参与者在识别和/或回忆这个关键单词时会产生虚假记忆。在这种范式下，大多数情况下老年人比年轻人有更多的虚假记忆。为了使用较少依赖策略的材料，我们比较了年轻和健康的老年参与者在文本阅读过程中激活的预测性推理。例如，在句子“易碎的瓷花瓶被扔向墙壁”中，预测性推理是花瓶会破碎。在阅读或听到文本后，参与者在回忆和/或识别预测性推理时出现了虚假记忆。当老年人阅读或听到文本时，他们的错误识别比年轻人更多。然而，在提示回忆任务中，这种差异没有达到显著水平。研究得出结论，在诸如文本阅读等更自然的情境中，老年人的能力可以得到保留。
