Dept. of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1206 S. 4th St, 213 Huff Hall, Champaign, IL 61820, USA.
Prev Med. 2011 Mar-Apr;52(3-4):218-22. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.01.003. Epub 2011 Jan 15.
We examined the levels of physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and obesity among children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by gender and medication use and estimated the associations between health behaviors and obesity.
Cross-sectional analysis of children 6-17 years-old enrolled in the National Survey of Children's Health 2003 (n=66,707). Odds ratios were adjusted for multistage-sampling and survey-design effects.
ADHD prevalence was 8.6%. In general, children with ADHD engaged in less physical activity, organized sports, and reading than their counterparts. Children with ADHD had increased risk of obesity for boys [24.9% vs. 21.6%, OR(95% CI): 1.42(1.13-1.77)] and girls [21.9% vs. 16%, 1.85(1.26-2.73)], if not medicated. Only girls with ADHD and not on medication were more likely to have higher media time (52.7% vs. 42%) and this was associated with higher odds for obesity [27.7% vs. 19.5%, 2.51 (1.24-5.08)]. Children with ADHD on medication had higher prevalence of depression than those not taking medication [boys: 29.5% vs. 26.3%; girls: 30.9% vs. 23.6%] and the odds of being depressed remained significant after controlling for obesity [boys: 1.45 (1.09-1.94); girls: 2.27 (1.48-3.49)].
Health promotion and obesity prevention programs targeting children with ADHD should take gender and medication use into consideration.
通过性别和用药情况，研究注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）儿童的身体活动、久坐行为和肥胖水平，并评估健康行为与肥胖之间的关联。
对 2003 年全国儿童健康调查（n=66707）中 6-17 岁儿童进行横断面分析。采用多级抽样和调查设计效果进行调整比值比。
ADHD 的患病率为 8.6%。一般来说，患有 ADHD 的儿童的身体活动、有组织的运动和阅读量都比同龄人少。未用药的男孩（24.9%比 21.6%，OR（95%CI）：1.42（1.13-1.77））和女孩（21.9%比 16%，1.85（1.26-2.73））患肥胖症的风险增加。只有未用药的 ADHD 女孩更有可能有更高的媒体时间（52.7%比 42%），这与肥胖的几率更高相关[27.7%比 19.5%，2.51（1.24-5.08）]。服用药物的 ADHD 儿童比未服用药物的儿童更易患抑郁症[男孩：29.5%比 26.3%；女孩：30.9%比 23.6%]，并且在控制肥胖后，抑郁的几率仍然显著[男孩：1.45（1.09-1.94）；女孩：2.27（1.48-3.49）]。
针对 ADHD 儿童的健康促进和肥胖预防计划应考虑到性别和用药情况。
