Watkins E L, Larson K, Harlan C, Young S
Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7400.
Public Health Rep. 1990 Nov-Dec;105(6):567-75.
A bilingual, multidisciplinary team of health professionals collaborated with a migrant health center in North Carolina to develop a model program to deliver primary health care services to migrant farmworker women and children. The program included case finding and outreach, coordination of maternal and child health services locally as well as interstate, and innovative health education programming. Data were collected on the health status of 359 pregnant migrant farmworker women and 560 children, ages birth to 5 years, the majority of Mexican descent, who received primary care services at the center. The mean age of the women was 23.1 years and their mean gravidity was 2.9. Dietary assessments showed that the protein intakes of most met or exceeded the U.S. Recommended Dietary Allowances, but their consumption of foods in the milk-dairy group and the fruit-vegetable group was below recommended standards. Low hematocrit was a common problem among the women (43 percent) and, to a lesser extent, among the children (26 percent). Among the infants and children, 18 percent were obese. Black American women had the highest proportion of low birth weight infants. The project emphasized coordinated services for migrant farmworker mothers and children, such as transportation services, language translation, followup, and advocacy. An outreach strategy involved case finding, home visits, and services by lay health advisors. By the third year of the project, there were increases in the average number of prenatal visits, the proportion of women entering prenatal care in their first trimester, and in the use of well-child services. The project demonstrated effective methods for delivering culturally appropriate health care services to migrant farmworkermothers and children using bilingual public health professionals.
一个由双语、多学科的卫生专业人员组成的团队与北卡罗来纳州的一个移民健康中心合作，开发了一个为流动农场工人妇女和儿童提供初级卫生保健服务的示范项目。该项目包括病例发现和外展服务、本地及跨州的母婴健康服务协调，以及创新的健康教育项目。收集了在该中心接受初级保健服务的359名怀孕流动农场工人妇女和560名年龄在出生至5岁之间、大多数为墨西哥裔儿童的健康状况数据。这些妇女的平均年龄为23.1岁，平均妊娠次数为2.9次。饮食评估显示，大多数人的蛋白质摄入量达到或超过了美国推荐的膳食摄入量，但她们在奶类和果蔬类食物的消费量低于推荐标准。血细胞比容低是这些妇女中常见的问题（43%），在儿童中程度较轻（26%）。在婴儿和儿童中，18%肥胖。非裔美国妇女的低出生体重婴儿比例最高。该项目强调为流动农场工人母亲和儿童提供协调服务，如交通服务、语言翻译、随访和宣传。外展策略包括病例发现、家访以及由非专业健康顾问提供的服务。到项目的第三年，产前检查的平均次数、在孕早期开始接受产前护理的妇女比例以及儿童健康服务的使用率都有所增加。该项目展示了利用双语公共卫生专业人员为流动农场工人母亲和儿童提供符合文化背景的卫生保健服务的有效方法。
