Columbia University, New York, USA.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2011 Oct;52(10):1063-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02362.x. Epub 2011 Jan 21.
We investigated the role of psychosocial and proximal contextual factors on nicotine dependence in adolescence.
Data on a multiethnic cohort of 6th to 10th graders from the Chicago public schools were obtained from four household interviews conducted with adolescents over two years and one interview with mothers. Structural equation models were estimated on 660 youths who had smoked cigarettes by the first interview.
Pleasant initial sensitivity to tobacco use, parental nicotine dependence (ND), adolescent ND and extensiveness of smoking at the initial interview had the strongest total effects on adolescent ND two years later. Perceived peer smoking and adolescent conduct problems were of lesser importance. Parental ND directly impacted adolescent ND two years later and had indirect effects through pleasant initial sensitivity and initial extensiveness of smoking. Parental depression affected initial adolescent dependence and depression but adolescent depression had no effect on ND. The model had greater explanatory power for males than females due partly to the stronger effect of conduct problems on dependence for males than females.
The findings underscore the importance of the initial drug experience and familial factors on adolescent nicotine dependence and highlight the factors to be the focus of efforts targeted toward preventing ND among adolescents.
我们研究了社会心理和近端环境因素对青少年尼古丁依赖的作用。
从芝加哥公立学校的 6 至 10 年级的多民族队列中获取数据，这些数据来自于对青少年进行的四次家庭访谈，两次在两年内进行，一次与母亲进行。对 660 名在第一次访谈时已经吸烟的青少年进行了结构方程模型估计。
最初对烟草使用的愉快敏感性、父母的尼古丁依赖（ND）、青少年的 ND 和最初访谈时吸烟的广泛性对两年后青少年的 ND 有最强的总影响。感知到的同伴吸烟和青少年的行为问题则重要性较低。父母的 ND 直接影响青少年 ND 两年后，并通过愉快的初始敏感性和初始吸烟广泛性产生间接影响。父母的抑郁会影响青少年的初始依赖和抑郁，但青少年的抑郁对 ND 没有影响。该模型对男性的解释力大于女性，部分原因是行为问题对男性的依赖影响大于女性。
研究结果强调了初始药物体验和家庭因素对青少年尼古丁依赖的重要性，并突出了应作为预防青少年 ND 工作重点的因素。
