Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Sokolovska 83, CZ-186 75 Praha 8, Czech Republic.
Environ Res. 2011 Apr;111(3):400-5. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2011.01.008. Epub 2011 Jan 21.
Uranium miners are chronically exposed to radon and its progeny, which are known to cause lung cancer and may be associated with leukemia. This study was undertaken to evaluate risk of non-lung solid cancers among uranium miners in Příbram region, Czech Republic.
A retrospective stratified case-cohort study in a cohort of 22,816 underground miners who were employed between 1949 and 1975. All incident non-lung solid cancers were ascertained among miners who worked underground for at least 12 months (n=1020). A subcohort of 1707 subjects was randomly drawn from the same population by random sampling stratified on age. The follow-up period lasted from 1977 to 1996.
Relative risks comparing 180 WLM (90th percentile) of cumulative lifetime radon exposure to 3 WLM (10th percentile) were 0.88 for all non-lung solid cancers combined (95% CI 0.73-1.04, n=1020), 0.87 for all digestive cancers (95% CI 0.69-1.09, n=561), 2.39 for gallbladder cancer (95% CI 0.52-10.98, n=13), 0.79 for larynx cancer (95% CI 0.38-1.64, n=62), 2.92 for malignant melanoma (95% CI 0.91-9.42, n=23), 0.84 for bladder cancer (95% CI 0.43-1.65, n=73), and 1.13 for kidney cancer (95% CI 0.62-2.04, n=66). No cancer type was significantly associated with radon exposure; only malignant melanoma and gallbladder cancer showed elevated but non-significant association with radon.
Radon was not significantly associated with incidence of any cancer of interest, although a positive association of radon with malignant melanoma and gallbladder cancer cannot be entirely ruled out.
铀矿工长期接触氡及其子体，已知氡及其子体可导致肺癌，并可能与白血病有关。本研究旨在评估捷克共和国皮瑞姆地区铀矿工患非肺部实体癌的风险。
这是一项回顾性分层病例对照研究，研究对象为 1949 年至 1975 年间从事地下工作的 22816 名矿工。所有非肺部实体癌病例均在至少从事 12 个月地下工作的矿工中确定（n=1020）。通过按年龄分层的随机抽样，从同一人群中随机抽取 1707 名受试者作为亚组。随访期从 1977 年持续至 1996 年。
与累积终生氡暴露量处于第 90 百分位数（180 WLM）相比，处于第 10 百分位数（3 WLM）的矿工发生所有非肺部实体癌的相对风险为 0.88（95%置信区间为 0.73-1.04，n=1020），所有消化系统癌症的相对风险为 0.87（95%置信区间为 0.69-1.09，n=561），胆囊癌的相对风险为 2.39（95%置信区间为 0.52-10.98，n=13），喉癌的相对风险为 0.79（95%置信区间为 0.38-1.64，n=62），恶性黑素瘤的相对风险为 2.92（95%置信区间为 0.91-9.42，n=23），膀胱癌的相对风险为 0.84（95%置信区间为 0.43-1.65，n=73），肾癌的相对风险为 1.13（95%置信区间为 0.62-2.04，n=66）。没有一种癌症类型与氡暴露显著相关；只有恶性黑素瘤和胆囊癌与氡暴露呈正相关，但无统计学意义。
氡与所关注的任何癌症的发病率均无显著相关性，尽管不能完全排除氡与恶性黑素瘤和胆囊癌之间存在正相关。
