Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
Infect Genet Evol. 2011 Apr;11(3):533-42. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.01.012. Epub 2011 Jan 21.
Fusarium oxysporum is an asexual fungal species that includes human and animal pathogens and a diverse range of nonpathogens. Pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains of this species can be distinguished from each other with pathogenicity tests, but not with morphological analysis or sexual compatibility studies. Substantial genetic diversity among isolates has led to the realization that F. oxysporum represents a complex of cryptic species. F. oxysporum f. sp cubense (Foc), causal agent of Fusarium wilt of banana, is one of the more than 150 plant pathogenic forms of F. oxysporum. Multi-gene phylogenetic studies of Foc revealed at least eight phylogenetic lineages, a finding that was supported by random amplified polymorphic DNAs, restriction fragment length polymorphisms and amplified fragment length polymorphisms. Most of these lineages consist of isolates in closely related vegetative compatibility groups, some of which possess opposite mating type alleles, MAT-1 and MAT-2; thus, the evolutionary history of this fungus may have included recent sexual reproduction. The ability to cause disease on all or some of the current race differential cultivars has evolved convergently in the taxon, as members of some races appear in different phylogenetic lineages. Therefore, various factors including co-evolution the plant host and horizontal gene transfer are thought to have shaped the evolutionary history of Foc. This review discusses the evolution of Foc as a model formae specialis in F. oxysporum in relation to recent research findings involving DNA-based studies.
尖孢镰刀菌是一种无性真菌物种，包括人类和动物病原体以及多种非病原体。可以通过致病性试验来区分该物种的致病性和非致病性菌株，但不能通过形态分析或有性相容性研究来区分。分离株之间存在大量遗传多样性，这使得人们意识到尖孢镰刀菌代表了一个隐种复合体。尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型（Foc）是引起香蕉枯萎病的病原菌之一，是尖孢镰刀菌的 150 多种植物病原形式之一。对 Foc 的多基因系统发育研究揭示了至少 8 个系统发育谱系，这一发现得到了随机扩增多态性 DNA、限制性片段长度多态性和扩增片段长度多态性的支持。这些谱系中的大多数由亲缘关系密切的营养体相容性组中的分离株组成，其中一些具有相反的交配型等位基因 MAT-1 和 MAT-2；因此，该真菌的进化历史可能包括近期的有性生殖。在这个分类群中，所有或某些当前的致病变异品种上引起疾病的能力是趋同进化的，因为一些品种的成员出现在不同的系统发育谱系中。因此，包括植物宿主的共同进化和水平基因转移在内的各种因素被认为塑造了 Foc 的进化历史。本文讨论了 Foc 作为尖孢镰刀菌中的一种特殊形式的进化，以及涉及基于 DNA 的研究的最新研究结果。
