University Outpatient Clinic Potsdam, Sports Medicine and Sports Orthopaedics, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, Haus 12, 14469 Potsdam, Germany.
Br J Nutr. 2011 Jun 28;105(12):1724-8. doi: 10.1017/S0007114510005556. Epub 2011 Jan 25.
Although dietary nutrient intake is often adequate, nutritional supplement use is common among elite athletes. However, high-dose supplements or the use of multiple supplements may exceed the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of particular nutrients or even result in a daily intake above tolerable upper limits (UL). The present case report presents nutritional intake data and supplement use of a highly trained male swimmer competing at international level. Habitual energy and micronutrient intake were analysed by 3 d dietary reports. Supplement use and dosage were assessed, and total amount of nutrient supply was calculated. Micronutrient intake was evaluated based on RDA and UL as presented by the European Scientific Committee on Food, and maximum permitted levels in supplements (MPL) are given. The athlete's diet provided adequate micronutrient content well above RDA except for vitamin D. Simultaneous use of ten different supplements was reported, resulting in excess intake above tolerable UL for folate, vitamin E and Zn. Additionally, daily supplement dosage was considerably above MPL for nine micronutrients consumed as artificial products. Risks and possible side effects of exceeding UL by the athlete are discussed. Athletes with high energy intake may be at risk of exceeding UL of particular nutrients if multiple supplements are added. Therefore, dietary counselling of athletes should include assessment of habitual diet and nutritional supplement intake. Educating athletes to balance their diets instead of taking supplements might be prudent to prevent health risks that may occur with long-term excess nutrient intake.
尽管饮食营养素摄入通常充足，但营养补充剂的使用在精英运动员中很常见。然而，高剂量的补充剂或使用多种补充剂可能会超过特定营养素的推荐日摄入量 (RDA)，甚至导致每日摄入量超过可耐受上限 (UL)。本病例报告介绍了一名高水平男性游泳运动员的营养摄入数据和补充剂使用情况。通过 3 天饮食报告分析习惯性能量和微量营养素摄入。评估了补充剂的使用和剂量，并计算了营养素供应总量。根据欧洲食品安全科学委员会 (European Scientific Committee on Food) 提供的 RDA 和 UL 评估微量营养素摄入，并给出补充剂中的最大允许水平 (MPL)。运动员的饮食提供了充足的微量营养素含量，远远超过 RDA，除了维生素 D。据报道，同时使用了十种不同的补充剂，导致叶酸、维生素 E 和 Zn 的摄入量超过了可耐受 UL。此外，作为人工制品摄入的九种微量营养素的每日补充剂量大大超过了 MPL。讨论了运动员超过 UL 可能带来的风险和潜在副作用。如果添加多种补充剂，高能量摄入的运动员可能有超过特定营养素 UL 的风险。因此，运动员的饮食咨询应包括习惯性饮食和营养补充剂摄入的评估。教育运动员平衡饮食而不是服用补充剂可能是明智的，以防止长期过量摄入营养素可能带来的健康风险。
