Chapple Celeste I, Burnett Alissa J, Woods Julie L, Russell Catherine G
School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.
Nutrients. 2024 Apr 9;16(8):1101. doi: 10.3390/nu16081101.
Sports foods are designed for athletes, yet their availability, type, and sales have increased over the past decade, likely driven by non-athlete use. This could lead to detrimental health outcomes via over/misuse or unwanted side effects. The aim of this study was to describe sports food consumption patterns and associated drivers, consumption reasons, perception of risks, and side effects experienced amongst non-athletes in Australia. In 2022, = 307 non-athlete Australian adults (18-65 years) completed an online cross-sectional survey including closed-ended (consumption patterns, factors, and exercise participation) and open-ended questions (reasons for consumption, risk perception, and side effects experienced). Descriptive statistics (frequency and percent) described the sample. Ordinal logistic regression was used for univariate associations and a multivariate model was used to determine relationships between sports food consumption proxy and significant univariate associations. The themes were analysed via inductive thematic analysis using NVivo 14. Females consumed sports foods most frequently, 65% of participants consumed three or more sports foods, and participants with higher sports food consumption/frequency were less likely to perceive risks or experience side effects. The main reason for consumption was protein intake, digestion/stomach issues were the main perceived risks, and the main side effect was bloating. Despite understanding the risks and side effects, non-athlete consumers continue to use numerous sports foods, which appear to be influenced by sociodemographic factors and packaging labels. Tighter regulation of packaging-label information would ensure safer and more informed consumption.
运动食品是为运动员设计的，但在过去十年中，其可得性、种类和销量都有所增加，这可能是由非运动员的使用推动的。这可能会因过度使用/误用或产生不良副作用而导致有害的健康后果。本研究的目的是描述澳大利亚非运动员群体的运动食品消费模式以及相关驱动因素、消费原因、风险认知和经历的副作用。2022年，307名年龄在18至65岁之间的澳大利亚非运动员成年人完成了一项在线横断面调查，其中包括封闭式问题（消费模式、因素和运动参与情况）和开放式问题（消费原因、风险认知和经历的副作用）。描述性统计（频率和百分比）对样本进行了描述。采用有序逻辑回归进行单变量关联分析，并使用多变量模型来确定运动食品消费代理与显著单变量关联之间的关系。通过使用NVivo 14进行归纳主题分析对主题进行了分析。女性最常食用运动食品，65%的参与者食用三种或更多种运动食品，运动食品消费/频率较高的参与者不太可能察觉到风险或经历副作用。消费的主要原因是蛋白质摄入，消化/胃部问题是主要察觉到的风险，主要副作用是腹胀。尽管了解风险和副作用，但非运动员消费者仍继续食用多种运动食品，这似乎受到社会人口统计学因素和包装标签的影响。加强对包装标签信息的监管将确保更安全、更明智的消费。
