Ulrich I, Stopsack M, Spitzer C, Grabe H-J, Freyberger H J, Barnow S
Arbeitseinheit Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie am Psychologischen Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Hauptstraße 47-51, 69117 Heidelberg, Deutschland.
Nervenarzt. 2011 Sep;82(9):1169-77. doi: 10.1007/s00115-010-3209-z.
Previous research about the aetiology of depression has analysed how depression-associated personality traits influence familial transmission. Using the community-based sample of the Greifswald Family Study, we investigated longitudinally to which extent the temperament factor harm avoidance influences the correlation between parent's depression and the depression of their offspring (with regard to possible sex differences).
To test this familial transmission a structural equation model was conducted with the data of 193 children (mean age 19.5, SD=2.41) and their biological parents. Depression was assessed with structured clinical interviews, and harm avoidance with Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI, JTCI).
The harm avoidance scores of the mothers were significantly correlated with the harm avoidance scores of their children, but the correlation of the father's and children's scores did not reach significance. The extent of harm avoidance at the first assessment of the 14-year-old children predicted depression 5 years later.
These results indicate the importance of personality as a vulnerability marker for developing affective disorders. The results are discussed with respect to prevention programmes for children and parents with depression, especially if they exhibit strongly avoidant or anxious behaviour.
先前关于抑郁症病因的研究分析了与抑郁症相关的人格特质如何影响家族遗传。利用格赖夫斯瓦尔德家庭研究的社区样本，我们纵向调查了气质因素——回避伤害在多大程度上影响父母的抑郁症与其子女抑郁症之间的相关性（考虑可能的性别差异）。
为了检验这种家族遗传情况，我们对193名儿童（平均年龄19.5岁，标准差=2.41）及其亲生父母的数据进行了结构方程模型分析。通过结构化临床访谈评估抑郁症，使用克隆宁格的气质与性格量表（TCI，JTCI）评估回避伤害情况。
母亲的回避伤害得分与子女的回避伤害得分显著相关，但父亲与子女得分之间的相关性未达到显著水平。14岁儿童首次评估时的回避伤害程度可预测5年后的抑郁症情况。
这些结果表明人格作为情感障碍易感性标志物的重要性。针对患有抑郁症的儿童和父母，尤其是那些表现出强烈回避或焦虑行为的人群，我们将结合预防项目对这些结果进行讨论。
