Wright Jacqueline D, Wang Chia-Yih
Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Two Rockledge Centre, Suite10018, 6701 Rockledge Drive MSC 7936, Bethesda, MD 20892-7936, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2011 Feb;111(2):295-300. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2010.10.049.
The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2006 included questions on awareness of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA), the Food Guide Pyramid, and the 5 A Day for Better Health Program. Prevalence of awareness of federal dietary guidance was estimated and differences were tested across demographic traits, health characteristics, and diet-related attitudes and behavior. The continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey uses a nationally representative cross-sectional sample design. The analytic sample consisted of 5,499 persons aged 16 years and older with complete data. Among persons aged 16 years and older, 83.8% had heard of at least one of the initiatives: 49.2% had heard of the DGA, 80.6% had heard of the Food Guide Pyramid, and 51.2% had heard of the 5 A Day program. There was a linear trend of decreasing awareness of at least one of the guidance efforts with increasing age. Differences by sex, race/ethnicity, education, and income were also observed. Differences by body mass index were not statistically significant; however, significant differences were seen with fatalistic beliefs about body weight. Differences by smoking, self-assessed diet quality, and eating out frequency were not statistically significant after adjustment for sex, age, race/ethnicity, education, and income. These results may be useful in promotion of the upcoming edition of the DGA and to suggest population groups that may benefit from strengthened and more innovative education efforts at the public health program level and at the clinic level.
2005 - 2006年国家健康与营养检查调查涵盖了关于美国人膳食指南（DGA）、食物指南金字塔以及“每天五份蔬果，健康加分”计划的知晓情况的问题。对联邦膳食指南的知晓率进行了估算，并检验了不同人口统计学特征、健康特征以及与饮食相关的态度和行为之间的差异。连续进行的国家健康与营养检查调查采用了具有全国代表性的横断面样本设计。分析样本包括5499名16岁及以上且数据完整的人员。在16岁及以上的人群中，83.8%的人听说过至少一项倡议：49.2%的人听说过DGA，80.6%的人听说过食物指南金字塔，51.2%的人听说过“每天五份蔬果”计划。随着年龄增长，对至少一项指南举措的知晓率呈线性下降趋势。还观察到了性别、种族/族裔、教育程度和收入方面的差异。体重指数方面的差异无统计学意义；然而，在对体重的宿命论观念方面存在显著差异。在对性别、年龄、种族/族裔、教育程度和收入进行调整后，吸烟、自我评估的饮食质量和外出就餐频率方面的差异无统计学意义。这些结果可能有助于推广即将发布的DGA版本，并为在公共卫生项目层面和临床层面可能受益于强化和更具创新性教育努力的人群提供建议。
