青少年营养意识和食品标签使用情况：全国营养健康与体检调查结果。
Adolescent nutritional awareness and use of food labels: results from the National Nutrition Health and Examination Survey.
机构信息
Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94134-0136, USA.
出版信息
BMC Pediatr. 2012 May 28;12:55. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-12-55.
BACKGROUND
Awareness of federal nutrition programs and use of the nutrition facts label are associated with reduced risk for obesity and increased intake of fruits and vegetables. Relationships between nutrition programs, use of food labels and risk for overweight and obesity have rarely been evaluated in adolescents.
METHODS
Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2005-6, we evaluated the frequency of nutrition awareness of USDA and CDC nutrition programs and use of food labels in adolescents. Risk for overweight (BMI ≥ 85-94th percentile) and obesity (BMI ≥ 95th percentile) was assessed in relation to nutrition awareness and label reading.
RESULTS
Most adolescents (92.4%) were aware of the Food Guide Pyramid. Fewer (43.5%) were aware of the 5-A-Day Program, and even less (29.3%) were aware of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Less than 25% of adolescents decided which foods to purchase by reading material on the nutrition facts label. There were significant racial and ethnic differences in awareness of federal nutrition programs with Mexican-Americans having the lowest levels of awareness of the US Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the Food Guide Pyramid in comparison with other groups. Non-Hispanic whites had higher and African-American adolescents had lower frequencies of reading fat information on the nutrition label in comparison to Mexican-American and other Hispanics. Awareness of other nutrition programs or of other information on the nutrition facts label was not associated with increased or decreased risk for overweight or obesity.
CONCLUSIONS
Use of the nutrition facts panel information is low among US adolescents. Additionally, less than half of adolescents are aware of federal nutrition programs including the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Future studies should evaluate avenues to make nutrition information more accessible to young Americans.
背景
了解联邦营养计划和使用营养标签与降低肥胖风险以及增加水果和蔬菜摄入量有关。在青少年中，很少有研究评估营养计划、食品标签的使用与超重和肥胖风险之间的关系。
方法
我们使用 2005-2006 年全国健康和营养调查的数据，评估了青少年对 USDA 和 CDC 营养计划的了解程度和使用食品标签的频率。超重（BMI≥85-94 百分位）和肥胖（BMI≥95 百分位）的风险与营养意识和标签阅读有关。
结果
大多数青少年（92.4%）了解食物金字塔。较少的青少年（43.5%）了解 5-A-Day 计划，更少的青少年（29.3%）了解《美国人的饮食指南》。不到 25%的青少年通过阅读营养标签上的材料来决定购买哪些食物。在对联邦营养计划的认识方面存在显著的种族和民族差异，与其他群体相比，墨西哥裔美国人对《美国人的饮食指南》和食物金字塔的了解程度最低。与墨西哥裔美国人及其他西班牙裔相比，非西班牙裔白人和非洲裔美国青少年在阅读营养标签上的脂肪信息方面的频率更高和更低。对其他营养计划或营养标签上的其他信息的了解与超重或肥胖风险的增加或降低无关。
结论
美国青少年使用营养标签信息的频率较低。此外，不到一半的青少年了解包括《美国人的饮食指南》在内的联邦营养计划。未来的研究应评估使营养信息更容易为美国年轻人获取的途径。
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