Department of Psychology, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2011;7:245-67. doi: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032210-104502.
Acute stress disorder (ASD) was introduced into the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) taxonomy in 1994 to address the lack of a specific diagnosis for acute pathological reactions to trauma and the role that dissociative phenomena play both in the short- and long-term reactions to trauma. In this review, we discuss the history and goals of the diagnosis and compare it with the diagnoses of acute stress reaction, combat stress reaction, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We also evaluate the research on the validity and limitations of ASD as a diagnosis, the relationship between peritraumatic dissociation and other symptomatology, the extent to which PTSD is predicted by previous ASD or peritraumatic dissociation, and other important issues such as impairment and risk factors related to ASD. We conclude with our recommendations for changes in DSM-5 criteria and the development of more sophisticated research that considers ASD as but one of two or possibly three common acute posttraumatic syndromes.
急性应激障碍（ASD）于 1994 年被引入《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》（DSM）分类系统，旨在解决对创伤的急性病理性反应缺乏特定诊断以及分离现象在创伤的短期和长期反应中所起的作用。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了该诊断的历史和目标，并将其与急性应激反应、战斗应激反应和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的诊断进行了比较。我们还评估了 ASD 作为一种诊断的有效性和局限性的研究、创伤前分离与其他症状之间的关系、以前的 ASD 或创伤前分离对 PTSD 的预测程度，以及与 ASD 相关的其他重要问题，如损伤和风险因素。最后，我们对 DSM-5 标准的修订以及更复杂的研究提出了建议，这些研究将 ASD 视为两种或三种常见的急性创伤后综合征之一或可能是三种之一。
