Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, Research Institute MOVE, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
PLoS One. 2011 Jan 20;6(1):e15863. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015863.
Athletic competition has been a source of interest to the scientific community for many years, as a surrogate of the limits of human ambulatory ability. One of the remarkable things about athletic competition is the observation that some athletes suddenly reduce their pace in the mid-portion of the race and drop back from their competitors. Alternatively, other athletes will perform great accelerations in mid-race (surges) or during the closing stages of the race (the endspurt). This observation fits well with recent evidence that muscular power output is regulated in an anticipatory way, designed to prevent unreasonably large homeostatic disturbances.
Here we demonstrate that a simple index, the product of the momentary Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) and the fraction of race distance remaining, the Hazard Score, defines the likelihood that athletes will change their velocity during simulated competitions; and may effectively represent the language used to allow anticipatory regulation of muscle power output.
These data support the concept that the muscular power output during high intensity exercise performance is actively regulated in an anticipatory manner that accounts for both the momentary sensations the athlete is experiencing as well as the relative amount of a competition to be completed.
多年来，竞技体育一直是科学界关注的焦点，因为它是人类步行能力极限的一种替代。竞技体育的一个显著特点是，一些运动员在比赛中途突然降低速度，从竞争对手中落后。或者，其他运动员会在比赛中途（爆发）或比赛最后阶段（冲刺）进行巨大的加速。这一观察结果与最近的证据非常吻合，即肌肉力量输出是一种预期的调节方式，旨在防止不合理的大的体内平衡干扰。
在这里，我们证明了一个简单的指标，即瞬间感知的用力程度（RPE）与剩余比赛距离的分数的乘积，即危险分数，可以预测运动员在模拟比赛中改变速度的可能性；并且可以有效地代表用于允许肌肉力量输出的预期调节的语言。
这些数据支持这样一种观点，即在高强度运动表现中，肌肉力量输出是主动调节的，既考虑到运动员正在经历的瞬间感觉，也考虑到比赛的相对剩余量。
