Department of Psychology, University of Hull, HU6 7RX, Hull, England.
Mem Cognit. 1976 Sep;4(5):593-602. doi: 10.3758/BF03213223.
Two experiments are reported in which subjects had to match pairs of pictures of objects. "Same" pairs could be either identical (Ps), pictures of different views of the same object (Pv), or pictures of different objects having the same name (Pd). With line drawings as stimuli, RTs for Condition Ps were shorter than for Condition Pv, which in turn were shorter than for Condition Pd. Visual similarity had no effect on Pd RTs. However, in Experiment II, where photographs of objects with high-frequency (HF) and low-frequency (LF) names were used, no difference was found between Conditions Ps(HF), Ps(LF) and Condition Pv(HF); and no difference occurred between Conditions Pd(HF), Pd(LF) and Condition Pv(LF), the latter set of conditions being associated with longer RTs than the former. This pattern of results was found with both a .25-sec and a 2-sec ISI. The results are discussed in terms of the levels of coding involved in processing information from picture stimuli. It is concluded that at least two levels are involved in matching photographs of real objects (an object-code level and a nonvisual semantic code level), while a third level may be used in matching tasks involving stylized line drawings (a picture-code level).
报告了两项实验，其中要求受试者匹配对象的图片对。“相同”的对可以是相同的（Ps），即同一对象的不同视图的图片（Pv），或具有相同名称的不同对象的图片（Pd）。使用线条图作为刺激，条件 Ps 的 RT 比条件 Pv 短，而条件 Pv 又比条件 Pd 短。视觉相似性对 Pd RT 没有影响。然而，在实验二中，使用高频（HF）和低频（LF）名称的对象照片作为刺激，在条件 Ps（HF）、Ps（LF）和条件 Pv（HF）之间没有发现差异；在条件 Pd（HF）、Pd（LF）和条件 Pv（LF）之间也没有发现差异，后一组条件与更长的 RT 相关联。在.25 秒和 2 秒的 ISI 下都发现了这种结果模式。根据处理来自图片刺激的信息所涉及的编码水平讨论了结果。结论是，匹配真实对象的照片至少涉及两个层次（对象编码层次和非视觉语义编码层次），而在涉及风格化线条图的匹配任务中可能使用第三个层次（图片编码层次）。
