Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC.
Health Psychol. 2011 Jan;30(1):67-74. doi: 10.1037/a0021859.
To examine whether--and why--people underestimate how much they enjoy exercise.
Across four studies, 279 adults predicted how much they would enjoy exercising, or reported their actual feelings after exercising.
Main outcome measures were predicted and actual enjoyment ratings of exercise routines, as well as intention to exercise.
Participants significantly underestimated how much they would enjoy exercising; this affective forecasting bias emerged consistently for group and individual exercise, and moderate and challenging workouts spanning a wide range of forms, from yoga and Pilates to aerobic exercise and weight training (Studies 1 and 2). We argue that this bias stems largely from forecasting myopia, whereby people place disproportionate weight on the beginning of a workout, which is typically unpleasant. We demonstrate that forecasting myopia can be harnessed (Study 3) or overcome (Study 4), thereby increasing expected enjoyment of exercise. Finally, Study 4 provides evidence for a mediational model, in which improving people's expected enjoyment of exercise leads to increased intention to exercise.
People underestimate how much they enjoy exercise because of a myopic focus on the unpleasant beginning of exercise, but this tendency can be harnessed or overcome, potentially increasing intention to exercise.
探讨人们为何会低估自身对运动的喜爱程度。
在四项研究中，279 名成年人对他们在运动时的愉悦感进行了预测，或者在运动后报告了他们的实际感受。
主要观察指标为运动时的愉悦感预测值和实际值，以及运动的意向。
参与者明显低估了他们对运动的喜爱程度；这种情感预测偏差在群体和个体运动、适度和挑战性的运动中一致出现，涵盖了从瑜伽和普拉提到有氧运动和力量训练等多种形式（研究 1 和 2）。我们认为，这种偏差主要源于预测近视，即人们对运动的开始阶段过分重视，而这段时间通常是不愉快的。我们证明，预测近视可以被利用（研究 3）或克服（研究 4），从而提高对运动的预期愉悦感。最后，研究 4 提供了一个中介模型的证据，即提高人们对运动的预期愉悦感会导致运动意向的增加。
人们低估了自身对运动的喜爱程度，这是因为他们过分关注运动开始时的不愉快，但是这种倾向是可以被利用或克服的，这可能会增加运动的意向。
