Tobacco Control Research Branch, Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-7337, USA.
Am J Public Health. 2011 Apr;101(4):632-41. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2009.189274. Epub 2011 Feb 17.
In recent years, a renewed debate has developed around the potential for modified tobacco products to play a role in reducing tobacco-related harm. During the 1960s and 1970s medical experts recommended to smokers who could not quit that they switch to cigarettes with lower tar and nicotine content. At the time, survey data suggested that smokers who switched did not compensate for the reduction in nicotine by increasing their intake. However, public health scientists were hindered in their ability to evaluate the population impact of the reduced tar strategy by a limited understanding of nicotine addiction. Smoking dependence was seen as primarily psychological and social, rather than pharmacological or biological, until the late 1970s, when addiction researchers began to apply experimental techniques from other forms of drug abuse to study smoking behavior. This history has important lessons for current discussions about tobacco harm reduction and regulation of nicotine delivery.
近年来，围绕改良烟草制品在减少与烟草相关的危害方面发挥作用的潜力，重新展开了一场辩论。20 世纪 60 年代和 70 年代，医学专家建议那些无法戒烟的吸烟者改用焦油和尼古丁含量较低的香烟。当时，调查数据表明，转换品牌的吸烟者并没有通过增加尼古丁摄入量来弥补尼古丁含量的减少。然而，由于对尼古丁成瘾的了解有限，公共卫生科学家在评估降低焦油策略对人群的影响方面受到了阻碍。直到 20 世纪 70 年代末，成瘾研究人员开始将其他形式的药物滥用的实验技术应用于吸烟行为的研究，吸烟依赖才被认为主要是心理和社会上的，而不是药理学或生物学上的。这段历史对当前关于烟草危害减少和尼古丁输送监管的讨论有重要的启示。
