Correll Joshua, Wittenbrink Bernd, Park Bernadette, Judd Charles M, Goyle Arina
University of Chicago.
J Exp Soc Psychol. 2011 Jan 1;47(1):184-189. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2010.08.017.
Research shows that participants shoot armed Blacks more frequently and quickly than armed Whites, but make don't-shoot responses more frequently and quickly for unarmed Whites than unarmed Blacks. We argue that this bias reflects the perception of threat - specifically, threat associated with Black males. Other danger cues (not just race) may create a similar predisposition to shoot, and if these cues promote shooting when the target is White, they should attenuate racial bias. We embedded targets in threatening andsafe backgrounds. Racial bias was evident in safe contexts but disappeared when context signaled danger, and this reduction was largely due to an increased tendency to shoot White targets.
研究表明，与武装白人相比，参与者对武装黑人开枪的频率更高、速度更快，但对于 unarmed Whites（此处原文有误，推测为 unarmed whites，即 unarmed white people， unarmed black people 分别指 unarmed white 和 unarmed black），他们对 unarmed whites 做出不开枪反应的频率更高、速度更快。我们认为这种偏见反映了对威胁的认知——具体而言，是与黑人男性相关的威胁。其他危险线索（不仅仅是种族）可能会产生类似的开枪倾向，如果这些线索促使在目标是白人时开枪，它们应该会减弱种族偏见。我们将目标置于威胁性和安全性背景中。种族偏见在安全情境中很明显，但当情境表明有危险时就会消失，这种减少主要是由于对白人目标开枪的倾向增加。
