Public Health Nutrition Research Group, Population Health Section, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2011 May;65(5):619-26. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.2. Epub 2011 Feb 23.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies provide some evidence for an association between intake of antioxidants and B vitamins, and cognitive function in later life, but intervention studies have not provided clear evidence of beneficial effects. The possibility that those with higher cognitive ability during earlier adult life consume more nutrient-rich diets in later life could provide an alternative explanation for the associations seen in observational studies.
Survey of 1091 men and women born in 1936 living in Edinburgh, Scotland, in whom previous cognitive ability was available from intelligence quotient (IQ) measurements at age 11 years. At age 70 years, participants carried out a range of cognitive tests and completed a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ).
A total of 882 participants returned completed FFQs from which intake of β-carotene, vitamin C, B12, folate and riboflavin was estimated. IQ at age 11 years was positively associated with dietary intake of vitamin C (P=0.048) and inversely associated with dietary intake of riboflavin (P<0.001) at age 70 years, and was higher in those taking folate supplements at age 70 years (P<0.005). Weak associations between intake of vitamins B12, C, riboflavin and folate and cognitive performance at age 70 years were attenuated by adjustment for confounding variables, including IQ at age 11 years. In the fully adjusted models, the proportion of total variance in cognitive function at age 70 years accounted for by intake of these nutrients was less than 1%.
These results provide no evidence for a clinically significant beneficial association between intake of these antioxidants and B vitamins, and cognitive function at age 70 years.
背景/目的：横断面和纵向研究为抗氧化剂和 B 族维生素摄入与晚年认知功能之间的关联提供了一些证据，但干预研究并未提供有益影响的确切证据。在观察性研究中观察到的关联可能提供了另一种解释，即那些在成年早期认知能力较高的人在以后的生活中可能会摄入更多富含营养的饮食。
对居住在苏格兰爱丁堡的 1091 名男性和女性进行调查，这些人在 1936 年出生，在 11 岁时可通过智商（IQ）测量获得先前的认知能力。在 70 岁时，参与者进行了一系列认知测试，并完成了半定量食物频率问卷（FFQ）。
共有 882 名参与者返回了完整的 FFQ，从中估算出β-胡萝卜素、维生素 C、B12、叶酸和核黄素的摄入量。11 岁时的 IQ 与 70 岁时的维生素 C 饮食摄入量呈正相关（P=0.048），与核黄素饮食摄入量呈负相关（P<0.001），并且在 70 岁时服用叶酸补充剂的人 IQ 更高（P<0.005）。调整了混杂变量（包括 11 岁时的 IQ）后，维生素 B12、C、核黄素和叶酸的摄入量与 70 岁时的认知表现之间的弱关联减弱了。在完全调整的模型中，这些营养素摄入量对 70 岁时认知功能总方差的解释比例不到 1%。
这些结果没有提供证据表明摄入这些抗氧化剂和 B 族维生素与 70 岁时的认知功能之间存在临床显著的有益关联。
