Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
Early Interv Psychiatry. 2008 Aug;2(3):178-87. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-7893.2008.00074.x.
The aim of the study was to analyse the treated incidence of schizophrenia in Cantabria (Northern Spain) and the sociodemographic risk factors associated with the illness onset.
Data were obtained from patients included in the Cantabria's Clinical Programme on First-Episode Psychosis (schizophrenia spectrum DSM-IV diagnosis) from 2001 to 2005, from the Cantabria first-episode schizophrenia study (carried out between 1988 and 1989) and from the 2001 Spanish census.
Annual incidence was 1.38 per 10,000 inhabitants in the risk-ageperiod. Identified risk factors were male gender (relative risk (RR): 1.61), age 15-25 years (RR: 3.48), unemployment (RR: 2.82), single status (RR: 5.88), low educational level (RR: 4.38), urban environment (RR: 1.62) and cannabis consumption (odds ratio: 12.83). The incidence in females was significantly lower than the one obtained 15 years ago.
The reported factors suggest that underlying biological and social factors modulate the risk of psychosis. This balance operates differently in males and females.
本研究旨在分析西班牙坎塔布里亚（北部）的精神分裂症治疗发病率，以及与发病相关的社会人口学风险因素。
数据来源于 2001 年至 2005 年期间坎塔布里亚首次发作精神病临床方案（精神分裂症谱系 DSM-IV 诊断）、坎塔布里亚首次发作精神分裂症研究（1988 年至 1989 年进行）以及 2001 年西班牙人口普查。
在风险年龄期，每年每 10000 名居民中有 1.38 例发病。确定的风险因素为男性（相对风险（RR）：1.61）、15-25 岁（RR：3.48）、失业（RR：2.82）、单身（RR：5.88）、教育水平低（RR：4.38）、城市环境（RR：1.62）和大麻消费（比值比：12.83）。女性的发病率明显低于 15 年前的水平。
报告的因素表明，潜在的生物学和社会因素调节了精神病的风险。这种平衡在男性和女性中作用不同。
