Neurosciences Program and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Trends Mol Med. 2011 Apr;17(4):197-206. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2010.12.005. Epub 2011 Feb 23.
The recent development of light-activated optogenetic probes allows for the identification and manipulation of specific neural populations and their connections in awake animals with unprecedented spatial and temporal precision. This review describes the use of optogenetic tools to investigate neurons and neural circuits in vivo. We describe the current panel of optogenetic probes, methods of targeting these probes to specific cell types in the nervous system, and strategies of photostimulating cells in awake, behaving animals. Finally, we survey the application of optogenetic tools to studying functional neuroanatomy, behavior and the etiology and treatment of various neurological disorders.
最近光激活光遗传学探针的发展使得人们能够以前所未有的时空精度在清醒动物中识别和操纵特定的神经群体及其连接。本综述描述了光遗传学工具在体内研究神经元和神经回路的应用。我们描述了当前的光遗传学探针面板、将这些探针靶向神经系统特定细胞类型的方法，以及在清醒、行为动物中光刺激细胞的策略。最后，我们调查了光遗传学工具在研究功能神经解剖学、行为以及各种神经障碍的病因和治疗中的应用。
