Department of Environment and Safety, Institute of Transport Economics, Gaustadalleen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway.
Accid Anal Prev. 2011 May;43(3):1148-59. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2010.12.025. Epub 2011 Jan 14.
The present study is an update of the meta-analysis by Erke (Erke, A., 2008. Effects of Electronic Stability Control (ESC) on accidents: a review of empirical evidence. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 40 (1), 167-173). Results from 12 studies of the effects of Electronic Stability Control (ESC) on the number of different types of crashes were summarized by means of meta-analysis. The results indicate that ESC prevents about 40% of all crashes involving loss of control. The greatest reductions were found for rollover crashes (-50%), followed by run-off-road (-40%) and single vehicle crashes (-25%). These results are however likely to be somewhat overestimated, especially for non-fatal crashes. Multiple vehicle crashes were found to be largely unchanged. Reductions were found for some types of multiple vehicle crashes. Rear-end collisions are unchanged or may increase. Fatal crashes involving pedestrians, bicycles or animals were found to increase as well. ESC was found to be more effective in preventing fatal crashes than non-fatal crashes. ESC is often found to be more effective in Sports Utility Vehicles (SUVs) than in passenger cars. This may be due to differences between drivers of SUVs and passenger cars. The results from meta-analysis indicate that drivers of ESC-equipped vehicles are likely to be safer drivers than other drivers. All the same, ESC may lead to behavioural adaptation in some cases, but it is not likely that behavioural adaptation offsets the positive safety effects. This may be due to a lack of knowledge about ESC.
本研究是对 Erke 荟萃分析的更新（Erke，A.，2008.电子稳定控制系统（ESC）对事故的影响：实证证据综述。事故分析与预防，40（1），167-173）。通过荟萃分析总结了 12 项关于电子稳定控制系统（ESC）对不同类型事故数量影响的研究结果。结果表明，ESC 可预防约 40%的失控相关事故。翻车事故（-50%）降幅最大，其次是驶离道路（-40%）和单车事故（-25%）。然而，这些结果可能有些高估，特别是对于非致命事故。多车事故发现基本不变。一些类型的多车事故有所减少。追尾碰撞不变或可能增加。涉及行人、自行车或动物的致命事故也发现增加。ESC 对预防致命事故比非致命事故更有效。ESC 通常在运动型多用途汽车（SUV）中比在乘用车中更有效。这可能是由于 SUV 和乘用车司机之间的差异。荟萃分析的结果表明，配备 ESC 的车辆的司机可能比其他司机更安全。尽管如此，在某些情况下，ESC 可能导致行为适应，但不太可能抵消其积极的安全影响。这可能是由于对 ESC 的了解不足。
