Landgraf-Leurs M M, Drummer C, Fröschl H, Steinhuber R, Von Schacky C, Landgraf R
Department of Internal Medicine, Innenstadt, University of Munich, Federal Republic of Germany.
Diabetes. 1990 Mar;39(3):369-75. doi: 10.2337/diab.39.3.369.
Patients with diabetes mellitus are prone to develop vascular complications. Because omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (omega 3FA) intake has a potential protective effect on cardiovascular disease, we studied the influence of omega 3FA supplementation (5.4 g eicosapentaenoic acid and 2.3 g docosahexaenoic acid daily) for 4 wk in 13 well-controlled type I (insulin-dependent) diabetic subjects on a vascular risk profile. Each subject served as his/her own control in a pre- and post-omega 3FA-intake phase. In plasma and platelets, phospholipids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid increased at the expense of arachidonic acid and linoleic acid. There was no significant change in blood pressure and glycosylated proteins. Only small changes were noted in blood glucose levels and insulin dose. Side effects were not noted. Triglycerides decreased significantly in the first 14 days, and total cholesterol increased slightly, probably because of an elevation of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, although low-density lipoprotein cholesterol remained unchanged. Platelet aggregation induced by low doses of ADP and collagen, which was higher in diabetic than nondiabetic subjects, decreased during omega 3FA intake to levels of healthy control subjects. Thromboxane production after ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation decreased significantly. Thromboxane liberation during clotting of whole blood and urinary excretion of thromboxane were markedly lowered during omega 3FA supplementation. The results show that even short-term intake of omega 3FAs leads to beneficial changes of vascular risk factors without significant changes in glucose homeostasis.
糖尿病患者容易发生血管并发症。由于摄入ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸（ω-3FA）对心血管疾病具有潜在的保护作用，我们研究了13名病情控制良好的I型（胰岛素依赖型）糖尿病受试者连续4周补充ω-3FA（每天5.4克二十碳五烯酸和2.3克二十二碳六烯酸）对血管风险状况的影响。在摄入ω-3FA前后阶段，每个受试者都作为自身对照。在血浆和血小板中，磷脂中的二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸增加，同时花生四烯酸和亚油酸减少。血压和糖化蛋白没有显著变化。血糖水平和胰岛素剂量仅有微小变化。未观察到副作用。甘油三酯在最初14天显著降低，总胆固醇略有升高，这可能是由于高密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高所致，尽管低密度脂蛋白胆固醇保持不变。低剂量ADP和胶原蛋白诱导的血小板聚集在糖尿病患者中高于非糖尿病患者，在摄入ω-3FA期间降至健康对照者的水平。ADP和胶原蛋白诱导血小板聚集后血栓素的生成显著减少。在补充ω-3FA期间，全血凝血过程中血栓素的释放及血栓素的尿排泄均明显降低。结果表明，即使短期摄入ω-3FA也会导致血管危险因素发生有益变化，而血糖稳态无显著改变。
