Rana Shalika, Kumar Shiv, Rathore Nikita, Padwad Yogendra, Bhushana Shashi
Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176 061 (HP), India;; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur176 061 (HP), India.
Pharmacology and Toxicology Lab, Department of Food Nutraceuticals and Quality Control, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176 061 (HP), India;; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur176 061 (HP), India.
Curr Genomics. 2016 Jun;17(3):261-78. doi: 10.2174/1389202917666160202220422.
Post-human genome revelation observes the emergence of 'Nutigenomics' as one of the exciting scientific advancement influencing mankind around the world. Food or more precisely 'nutrition' has the major impact in defining the cause-response interaction between nutrient (diet) and human health. In addition to substantial understanding of nutrition-human-health interaction, bases of 'nutrigenomic' development foster on advent in transcriptomics, genomics, proteomics and metabolomics as well as insight into food as health supplement. Interaction of selected nutrient with associated genes in specific organ or tissue necessary to comprehend that how individual's genetic makeup (DNA transcribed into mRNA and then to proteins) respond to particular nutrient. It provided new opportunities to incorporate natural bioactive compounds into food for specific group of people with similar genotype. As inception of diabetes associated with change in gene expression of, not limited to, protein kinase B, insulin receptor, duodenal homeobox and glucokinase, thus, targeting such proteins by modifying or improving the nutritional availability or uptake may help to devise novel food, supplements, or nutraceuticals. In this article, various aspects of R&D in nutrigenomics are reviewed to ascertain its impact on human health, especially with life-style associated diseases.
后人类基因组揭示表明，“营养基因组学”的出现是影响全球人类的一项令人兴奋的科学进步。食物，或者更确切地说是“营养”，在定义营养素（饮食）与人类健康之间的因果反应相互作用方面具有重大影响。除了对营养与人类健康相互作用有深入了解外，“营养基因组学”发展的基础还依赖于转录组学、基因组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学的进展，以及对食物作为健康补充剂的认识。特定营养素与特定器官或组织中相关基因的相互作用，对于理解个体的基因构成（DNA转录为mRNA，然后再转录为蛋白质）如何对特定营养素作出反应是必要的。它为将天然生物活性化合物纳入针对具有相似基因型的特定人群的食物中提供了新机会。由于糖尿病的发生与不限于蛋白激酶B、胰岛素受体、十二指肠同源盒和葡萄糖激酶等基因表达的变化有关，因此，通过改变或改善营养的可利用性或摄取来靶向这些蛋白质，可能有助于设计新型食物、补充剂或营养保健品。在本文中，对营养基因组学研发的各个方面进行了综述，以确定其对人类健康的影响，特别是对与生活方式相关疾病的影响。
