Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
Nat Chem. 2009 Jul;1(4):276-88. doi: 10.1038/nchem.257. Epub 2009 Jun 22.
Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is the most extensively studied controlled/living radical polymerization (CRP) method, with the interest originating primarily in its simplicity and broad applicability, and in the ability to prepare previously inaccessible well-defined nanostructured polymeric materials. This review illustrates the range of well-defined advanced functional materials that can be prepared by ATRP. We detail the precise synthesis of macromolecules with predetermined molecular weight, designed molecular weight distribution, controlled topology, composition and functionality. The materials include polymers with site-specific functionalities and novel architectures that are starting to find commercial application--such as stars, bottle brushes, block and gradient copolymers. This is followed by discussing their self-assembly into materials with nanoscale morphologies. These macromolecular engineering procedures provide new avenues to nanostructured functional materials for many high-value applications, for example as thermoplastic elastomers, coatings, surfactants, dispersants and as optoelectronic and biomedical materials.
原子转移自由基聚合（ATRP）是研究最广泛的可控/活性自由基聚合（CRP）方法，其主要兴趣在于其简单性和广泛的适用性，以及制备以前无法获得的具有明确结构的纳米结构聚合物材料的能力。本综述说明了通过 ATRP 可以制备的一系列具有明确结构的先进功能材料。我们详细介绍了通过 ATRP 精确合成具有预定分子量、设计的分子量分布、可控拓扑结构、组成和功能的大分子。这些材料包括具有特定功能和新颖结构的聚合物，这些聚合物开始具有商业应用，例如星型聚合物、瓶刷聚合物、嵌段和梯度共聚物。然后讨论了它们自组装成具有纳米形貌的材料。这些大分子工程程序为许多高价值应用提供了通向纳米结构功能材料的新途径，例如作为热塑性弹性体、涂料、表面活性剂、分散剂以及光电和生物医学材料。
