Bønaa K H, Bjerve K S, Straume B, Gram I T, Thelle D
Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway.
N Engl J Med. 1990 Mar 22;322(12):795-801. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199003223221202.
Studies of whether polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish oil--in particular, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids--lower blood pressure have varied in design and results. We conducted a population-based, randomized, 10-week dietary-supplementation trial in which the effects of 6 g per day of 85 percent eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids were compared with those of 6 g per day of corn oil in 156 men and women with previously untreated stable, mild essential hypertension. The mean systolic blood pressure fell by 4.6 mm Hg (P = 0.002), and diastolic pressure by 3.0 mm Hg (P = 0.0002) in the group receiving fish oil; there was no significant change in the group receiving corn oil. The differences between the groups remained significant for both systolic (6.4 mm Hg; P = 0.0025) and diastolic (2.8 mm Hg; P = 0.029) pressure after control for anthropometric, lifestyle, and dietary variables. The decreases in blood pressure were larger as concentrations of plasma phospholipid n-3 fatty acids increased (P = 0.027). Dietary supplementation with fish oil did not change mean blood pressure in the subjects who ate fish three or more times a week as part of their usual diet, or in those who had a base-line concentration of plasma phospholipid n-3 fatty acids above 175.1 mg per liter. We conclude that eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids reduce blood pressure in essential hypertension, depending on increases in plasma phospholipid n-3 fatty acids.
关于鱼油中的多不饱和脂肪酸，尤其是二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸是否能降低血压的研究，在设计和结果上存在差异。我们进行了一项基于人群的随机、为期10周的饮食补充试验，在156名未经治疗的稳定轻度原发性高血压男女中，比较每天6克含85%二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸的鱼油与每天6克玉米油的效果。接受鱼油组的平均收缩压下降了4.6毫米汞柱（P = 0.002），舒张压下降了3.0毫米汞柱（P = 0.0002）；接受玉米油组无显著变化。在控制了人体测量、生活方式和饮食变量后，两组在收缩压（6.4毫米汞柱；P = 0.0025）和舒张压（2.8毫米汞柱；P = 0.029）方面的差异仍然显著。随着血浆磷脂n-3脂肪酸浓度的增加，血压下降幅度更大（P = 0.027）。对于那些每周吃鱼三次或更多次作为日常饮食一部分的受试者，以及血浆磷脂n-3脂肪酸基线浓度高于每升175.1毫克的受试者，饮食补充鱼油并未改变其平均血压。我们得出结论，二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸可降低原发性高血压患者的血压，这取决于血浆磷脂n-3脂肪酸的增加。
