Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, The University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2011 Sep;101(3):557-70. doi: 10.1037/a0022885.
Does familiarity promote attraction? Prior research has generally suggested that it does, but a recent set of studies by Norton, Frost, and Ariely (2007) challenged that assumption. Instead, they found that more information about another person, when that information was randomly selected from lists of trait adjectives, using a trait evaluation paradigm, promoted perceptions of dissimilarity and, hence, disliking. The present research began with the assumption that natural social interaction involves contexts and processes not present in Norton et al.'s research or in the typical familiarity experiment. We theorized that these processes imply a favorable impact of familiarity on attraction. Two experiments are reported using a live interaction paradigm in which two previously unacquainted same-sex persons interacted with each other for varying amounts of time. Findings strongly supported the "familiarity leads to attraction" hypothesis: The more participants interacted, the more attracted they were to each other. Mediation analyses identified three processes that contribute to this effect: perceived responsiveness, increased comfort and satisfaction during interaction, and perceived knowledge.
熟悉会促进吸引力吗？先前的研究普遍认为是这样，但诺顿、弗罗斯特和阿里利（2007）最近的一系列研究对这一假设提出了挑战。相反，他们发现，当更多关于另一个人的信息是从特质形容词列表中随机选择的，并且使用特质评估范式时，会促进对不相似性的感知，从而导致不喜欢。本研究的前提假设是，自然的社会互动涉及到诺顿等人的研究或典型的熟悉度实验中没有的情境和过程。我们推测这些过程意味着熟悉度对吸引力有积极的影响。报告了两项使用现场互动范式的实验，在该范式中，两个以前不相识的同性别的人相互互动了不同的时间。研究结果强烈支持了“熟悉度导致吸引力”的假设：参与者互动越多，他们彼此之间的吸引力就越大。中介分析确定了三个有助于这一效果的过程：感知响应性、互动过程中的舒适度和满意度提高，以及感知知识。
