Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
Nat Rev Genet. 2011 Apr;12(4):243-52. doi: 10.1038/nrg2938. Epub 2011 Mar 9.
Regenerative medicine offers the hope that cells for disease research and therapy might be created from readily available sources. To fulfil this promise, the cells available need to be converted into the desired cell types. We review two main approaches to accomplishing this goal: in vitro directed differentiation, which is used to push pluripotent stem cells, including embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells, through steps similar to those that occur during embryonic development; and reprogramming (also known as transdifferentiation), in which a differentiated cell is converted directly into the cell of interest without proceeding through a pluripotent intermediate. We analyse the status of progress made using these strategies and highlight challenges that must be overcome to achieve the goal of cell-replacement therapy.
再生医学带来了这样的希望，即用于疾病研究和治疗的细胞可以从现成的来源中产生。为了实现这一承诺，需要将可用的细胞转化为所需的细胞类型。我们综述了实现这一目标的两种主要方法：体外定向分化，用于推动多能干细胞，包括胚胎干细胞或诱导多能干细胞，经历类似于胚胎发育过程中的步骤；以及重编程（也称为转分化），其中直接将分化细胞转化为所需的细胞，而不经过多能中间阶段。我们分析了使用这些策略取得的进展情况，并强调了实现细胞替代治疗目标必须克服的挑战。
