Department of Psychology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel 69978.
J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2011;40(2):307-17. doi: 10.1080/15374416.2011.546040.
We examined middle-class Israeli preschoolers' cognitive self-transformation in the delay of gratification paradigm. In Study 1, 66 un-caped or Superman-caped preschoolers delayed gratification, half with instructions regarding Superman's delay-relevant qualities. Caped children delayed longer, especially when instructed regarding Superman's qualities. In Study 2 with 43 preschoolers, with the respective relevant superhero qualities emphasized (i.e., patient vs. impulsive), Superman-caped children tended to delay longer than Dash-caped children. In Study 3, 48 preschoolers delayed gratification after being instructed to pretend to be Superman or a child with the same patient qualities, or after watching a video of Superman, with or without pretend instructions. Invoking Superman led to longer delays and instructions regarding Superman's qualities tended to lead to longer delays than watching the Superman video. In accounting for the data, we differentiated cognitive transformations of the reward's consummatory value and cognitive transformations as basic intellectual processes.
我们考察了中产阶级以色列学龄前儿童在延迟满足范式中的认知自我转变。在研究 1 中，66 名未戴斗篷或超人斗篷的学龄前儿童延迟满足，其中一半儿童接受了有关超人延迟相关品质的指导。戴斗篷的儿童延迟时间更长，尤其是在接受有关超人品质的指导时。在第二项研究中，43 名学龄前儿童强调了各自相关的超级英雄品质（即耐心与冲动），戴超人斗篷的儿童比戴闪电侠斗篷的儿童更倾向于延迟满足。在研究 3 中，48 名学龄前儿童在被指示假装成超人或具有相同耐心品质的儿童，或在观看超人视频后，延迟满足，视频中或有或无假装指示。援引超人会导致更长的延迟时间，而有关超人品质的指导则比观看超人视频更倾向于导致更长的延迟时间。在解释数据时，我们区分了奖励的消费价值的认知转变和作为基本智力过程的认知转变。
