Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.
J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011 Mar;59(3):482-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03274.x.
To examine the associations between hardiness (defined as the ability to manage stress), depression, and emotional well-being and appetite in older adults.
Cross-sectional.
Assisted-living facilities and senior centers in the Washington/Baltimore area.
Two hundred ninety-two adults aged 60 and older.
Depressive symptoms assessed using the 5-item Geriatric Depression Scale and categorized as 0 to 1 (normal, referent group) versus 2 to 5 (depressive symptoms present). Hardiness was measured using the 18-item Dispositional Resilience Scale II modified based on interviews with older adults and categorized as 67 or less (low hardiness) versus greater than 67 (normal, referent group). Appetite was measured using the Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire and categorized as 4 to 14 (poor appetite) versus 15 to 20 (normal, referent group). Emotional well-being was measured using a single question.
Depression, hardiness, and emotional well-being were all significantly associated with appetite. In models controlling for confounders (data collection site, age, educational attainment, self-reported health, race, presence of chronic disease), fair to poor emotional well-being was most significantly associated with poor appetite (odds ratio (OR)=5.60, 95% confidence interval (CI)=2.60-12.07) and low commitment (a component of hardiness that indicates an individual's involvement in life) was also significantly associated with poor appetite (OR=1.35, 95% CI=1.13-1.61).
These associations further elucidate the components of mental health that contribute to poor appetite in this population. Simple measures of self-reported mental health administered to older adults may predict poor appetite and lend themselves to potential interventions to prevent malnutrition and negative health outcomes.
探讨坚毅（定义为应对压力的能力）、抑郁与情绪健康和老年人食欲之间的关系。
横断面研究。
华盛顿/巴尔的摩地区的辅助生活设施和老年人中心。
292 名年龄在 60 岁及以上的成年人。
使用 5 项老年抑郁量表评估抑郁症状，并分为 0 至 1 分（正常，参照组）与 2 至 5 分（存在抑郁症状）。采用基于对老年人访谈修改的 18 项特质韧性量表 II 测量坚毅，并分为 67 分或以下（低坚毅）与 67 分以上（正常，参照组）。采用简化营养食欲问卷评估食欲，分为 4 至 14 分（食欲差）与 15 至 20 分（正常，参照组）。采用一个问题评估情绪健康。
抑郁、坚毅和情绪健康均与食欲显著相关。在控制混杂因素（数据收集地点、年龄、教育程度、自我报告的健康状况、种族、慢性疾病的存在）的模型中，较差的情绪健康与食欲差显著相关（比值比（OR）=5.60，95%置信区间（CI）=2.60-12.07），低承诺（坚毅的一个组成部分，表明个体对生活的投入）也与食欲差显著相关（OR=1.35，95% CI=1.13-1.61）。
这些关联进一步阐明了心理健康的组成部分，这些组成部分导致了该人群的食欲差。对老年人进行简单的自我报告心理健康测量可能预测食欲差，并为预防营养不良和不良健康结果提供潜在干预措施。
