Olivera Paulo, Menezes Dilia, Trout Roger, Buckle Alan, Geraldes Pedro, Jesus José
Parque Natural da Madeira, Quinta do Bom Sucesso, Caminho do Meio, Madeira, Portugal.
Integr Zool. 2010 Mar;5(1):70-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-4877.2010.00186.x.
The Portuguese island of Selvagem Grande (Great Salvage) in Macaronesia is an important seabird breeding station in the eastern Atlantic. Significant populations of Cory's shearwater Calonectris diomedea (Scopoli, 1769), Bulwer's petrel Bulweria bulweria (Jardine & Selby, 1828) and little shearwater Puffinus assimilis baroli (Bonaparte, 1857) are present, and white-faced storm-petrel Pelagodroma marina (Latham, 1790) and Madeiran storm-petrel Oceanodroma castro (Harcourt, 1851) populations are of global significance. Selvagem Grande also provides diverse habitats for an extensive flora, including 11 endemic species. The 270-ha island was also inhabited by two alien invasive mammals: the European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus (Linnaeus, 1758) and the house mouse Mus musculus (Linnaeus, 1758). Both are known to have had adverse impacts on breeding seabirds and island vegetation. In 2002, the Natural Park of Madeira conducted a program using brodifacoum bait formulations aimed at rabbit and mouse eradication. Approximately 17 000 individual baiting points were established on a 12.5 × 12.5 m grid. Baits were also applied by hand "seeding" on steep slopes and cliffs where bait stations could not be placed. Rabbits were removed after a month. However, mice persisted for considerably longer and strategic bait applications against them continued for a further six months. Subsequent assessments by trapping, bait takes and systematic observation of signs over three years, has confirmed the removal of both alien invasive species. This paper presents information on these operations, on measures adopted to mitigate adverse impacts of the eradication program on important vertebrate non-target species, including Berthelot's pipit Anthus berthelotii Bolle, 1862 and a species of gecko Tarentola bischoffi Joger, 1984 and on the initial response of the island's ecosystem to the eradication of rabbits and mice.
位于马卡罗尼西亚的葡萄牙塞尔瓦任大岛（大萨尔瓦奇岛）是东大西洋一个重要的海鸟繁殖地。这里有大量的角嘴海雀（Calonectris diomedea，斯科波利，1769年）、布尔氏鹱（Bulweria bulweria，贾丁和塞尔比，1828年）以及小海雀（Puffinus assimilis baroli，波拿巴，1857年），白脸海燕（Pelagodroma marina，莱瑟姆，1790年）和马德拉海燕（Oceanodroma castro，哈考特，1851年）的种群数量具有全球重要意义。塞尔瓦任大岛还为丰富的植物群提供了多样的栖息地，其中包括11种特有物种。这座面积为270公顷的岛屿上还栖息着两种外来入侵哺乳动物：欧洲兔（Oryctolagus cuniculus，林奈，1758年）和家鼠（Mus musculus，林奈，1758年）。已知这两种动物都对繁殖海鸟和岛屿植被产生了不利影响。2002年，马德拉自然公园开展了一项使用溴敌隆诱饵制剂的计划，旨在根除兔子和老鼠。在一个12.5×12.5米的网格上设置了约17000个单独的诱饵投放点。在无法设置诱饵站的陡坡和悬崖上，还通过手工“播种”的方式投放诱饵。一个月后兔子被消灭。然而，老鼠持续存在的时间长得多，针对它们的策略性诱饵投放又持续了六个月。在随后三年里，通过诱捕、诱饵摄取量以及对迹象的系统观察进行的评估，证实这两种外来入侵物种已被消灭。本文介绍了这些行动的相关信息，以及为减轻根除计划对重要脊椎动物非目标物种（包括贝氏鹨（Anthus berthelotii，博勒，1862年）和一种壁虎（Tarentola bischoffi，约格，1984年））的不利影响而采取的措施，还介绍了该岛生态系统对兔子和老鼠根除行动的初步反应。
