Maynard J E
International Task Force on Hepatitis B Immunization, Seattle, WA.
Vaccine. 1990 Mar;8 Suppl:S18-20; discussion S21-3. doi: 10.1016/0264-410x(90)90209-5.
Hepatitis B is a disease of global importance, with greater than 300 million carriers of the virus world-wide. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the cause of up to 80% of cases of primary liver cancer, the single most important cause of mortality globally. In countries where HBV carrier rates reach 10%, HBV infection may account for 3% of total mortality, a level which exceeds polio-related mortality before the introduction of polio vaccine. The only means by which hepatitis B can be eventually eliminated is mass vaccination of infants with hepatitis B vaccine as part of the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) in areas of the world where the HBV carrier rate exceeds 2.5%. With recent dramatic increases in hepatitis B vaccine production and decreases in per-dose price, there are grounds for optimism that global HBV infection rates may be reduced by as much as 90% over the next 10 years.
乙型肝炎是一种具有全球重要性的疾病，全球病毒携带者超过3亿。乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）导致高达80%的原发性肝癌病例，是全球最重要的单一死因。在HBV携带者率达到10%的国家，HBV感染可能占总死亡率的3%，这一水平超过了脊髓灰质炎疫苗引入之前与脊髓灰质炎相关的死亡率。最终消除乙型肝炎的唯一方法是在世界上HBV携带者率超过2.5%的地区，将婴儿大规模接种乙型肝炎疫苗作为扩大免疫规划（EPI）的一部分。随着近期乙型肝炎疫苗产量的大幅增加和每剂价格的下降，有理由乐观地认为，在未来10年内，全球HBV感染率可能降低多达90%。
