Federal University of Goiás, GO, Brazil.
J Appl Oral Sci. 2003 Dec;11(4):269-82. doi: 10.1590/s1678-77572003000400002.
The characteristics of calcium hydroxide come from its dissociation into calcium and hydroxyl ions. The action of these ions on tissues and bacteria explains the biological and antimicrobial properties of this substance. Under the conditions of this retrospective of literature, based on scientific evidences, it is possible to state that: 1. Dentin is considered the best pulpal protective, and calcium hydroxide has proved, through numerous studies, its capability of inducing the formation of a mineralized bridge over pulpal tissue. 2. It is necessary, whenever possible, to provide time for calcium hydroxide paste to manifest its potential of action on the microorganisms present in endodontic infections. The maintenance of a high concentration of hydroxyl ions can change bacteria enzymatic activity and promote its inactivation. 3. The site of action of hydroxyl ions of calcium hydroxide includes the enzymes in the cytoplasmic membrane. This medication has a large scope of action, and therefore is effective on a wide range of microorganisms, regardless their metabolic capability. In microbial world, cytoplasmic membranes are similar, irrespective from microorganisms morphological, tinctorial and respiratory characteristics, which means that this medication has a similar effect on aerobic, anaerobic, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. 4. Calcium hydroxide as temporary dressing used between appointments promotes better results on the periapical healing process than the treatment in one appointment.
氢氧化钙的特性来自于其解离为钙离子和氢氧根离子。这些离子对组织和细菌的作用解释了这种物质的生物学和抗菌性能。在基于科学证据的文献回顾的条件下，可以指出：1. 牙本质被认为是最能保护牙髓的，氢氧化钙已经通过大量研究证明了其在牙髓组织上诱导形成矿化桥的能力。2. 只要有可能，就需要为氢氧化钙糊剂提供时间，使其在根管感染中存在的微生物上发挥潜在作用。保持高浓度的氢氧根离子可以改变细菌的酶活性并促进其失活。3. 氢氧化钙氢氧根离子的作用部位包括细胞质膜中的酶。这种药物的作用范围很广，因此对各种微生物都有效，无论其代谢能力如何。在微生物世界中，细胞质膜是相似的，无论微生物的形态、染色和呼吸特征如何，这意味着这种药物对需氧、厌氧、革兰阳性和革兰阴性细菌都有类似的作用。4. 氢氧化钙作为在就诊之间使用的临时敷料，在促进根尖愈合过程方面比一次就诊的治疗效果更好。
