Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Research National Council (ISPA-CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy.
Toxins (Basel). 2019 Jan 1;11(1):11. doi: 10.3390/toxins11010011.
, the main aflatoxin B₁ producing fungal species, , a deoxynivalenol producer, and the fumonisin-producing species and are the main toxigenic fungi (TF) that colonize maize. Several strategies are available to control TF and related mycotoxins, such as chemical control. However, there is poor knowledge on the efficacy of fungicides on maize plants since few molecules are registered. The sensitivity of , , , and to eleven fungicides, selected based on their different modes of action, was evaluated in both in vitro assays and, after selection, in the field. In vitro, demethylation inhibitors (DMI) showed excellent performances, followed by thiophanate-methyl and folpet. Among the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI), isopyrazam showed a higher effectiveness against Fusarium species than boscalid, which was ineffective against Fusarium, like the phenyl-pyrrole fludioxonil. Furthermore, both SDHIs and fludioxonil were more active against than Fusarium species. In field trials, prothioconazole and thiophanate-methyl were confirmed to be effective to reduce (52% and 48%) and contamination (44% and 27%). On the other hand, prothioconazole and boscalid could reduce contamination at values of 75% and 56%, respectively.
是主要的黄曲霉毒素 B₁ 产生真菌物种，是脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的生产者，以及产伏马菌素的物种 和 是定植于玉米的主要产毒真菌 (TF)。有几种控制 TF 和相关霉菌毒素的策略，如化学控制。然而，由于很少有分子被注册，因此对杀菌剂在玉米植株上的功效知之甚少。基于不同的作用模式，选择了 11 种杀菌剂来评估 、 、 和 在体外试验中的敏感性，并且在选择后，在田间进行了评估。在体外，脱甲基抑制剂 (DMI) 表现出优异的性能，其次是噻菌灵和福美双。在琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂 (SDHI) 中，异噁唑吡唑对镰刀菌属的有效性高于 boscalid，后者对镰刀菌属无效，与苯并吡咯氟啶酮一样。此外，SDHIs 和氟啶酮对 比镰刀菌属更有效。在田间试验中，证实了丙硫菌唑和噻菌灵能够有效降低 （52%和 48%）和 污染（44%和 27%）。另一方面，丙硫菌唑和 boscalid 可以分别将 污染降低到 75%和 56%的值。
