Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7400, USA.
J Adolesc Health. 2011 Apr;48(4):344-50. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.07.030. Epub 2010 Oct 15.
Violence profiles were created on the basis of whether adolescents used violence against both peers and dates, against dates but not peers, against peers but not dates, or against neither peers nor dates. We determined (1) whether risk and protective factors from five domains (individual attributes and behaviors, the peer, family, school, and neighborhood contexts), based primarily on social learning and social control theories, were associated with violence profiles, (2) whether factors distinguishing profiles varied by gender, and (3) which of the domains was most important in distinguishing profiles.
Data are from adolescents in grades 8 through 10 from schools in three nonmetropolitan Counties (n = 2,907).
Adolescents who used violence against both peers and dates used more of each type of violence compared with those who used only one type of violence. They also had more maladaptive risk and protective scores than adolescents perpetrating only peer violence or neither type of violence, although they had few differences from those perpetrating only dating violence. Most social learning theory risk factors and social control theory protective factors distinguished the profiles as did psychological attributes and substance use. Factors distinguishing profile membership were generally the same for boys and girls, although some associations were stronger for boys than for girls. The model fit statistics suggest that the individual attributes and behaviors and the peer context models fit the data the best.
Suggestions for developing theoretically based interventions for preventing both peer and dating violence are presented.
根据青少年是否对同伴和约会对象都使用暴力、仅对约会对象使用暴力、仅对同伴使用暴力还是对两者都不使用暴力，创建暴力行为模式。我们确定了以下几点：(1) 主要基于社会学习和社会控制理论的五个领域（个人属性和行为、同伴、家庭、学校和社区环境）中的风险和保护因素是否与暴力行为模式相关；(2) 区分模式的因素是否因性别而异；以及 (3) 哪个领域在区分模式方面最为重要。
数据来自来自三所非大都市区学校的 8 至 10 年级青少年（n = 2907）。
与仅使用一种类型暴力的青少年相比，同时对同伴和约会对象使用暴力的青少年使用了更多种类型的暴力。他们的适应不良风险和保护评分也高于仅对同伴使用暴力或对两者都不使用暴力的青少年，尽管他们与仅对约会对象使用暴力的青少年几乎没有区别。大多数社会学习理论风险因素和社会控制理论保护因素都可以区分这些模式，此外还有心理属性和物质使用。区分模式成员的因素通常对男孩和女孩都适用，尽管一些关联对男孩比女孩更强。模型拟合统计数据表明，个体属性和行为以及同伴环境模型最符合数据。
提出了基于理论的预防同伴和约会暴力干预措施的建议。
