Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics,School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Am J Epidemiol. 2011 Apr 1;173(7):752-60. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwq406. Epub 2011 Mar 14.
The stratification score for a case-control study is the probability of disease modeled as a function of potential confounders. The authors show that the stratification score is a retrospective balancing score and thus plays a similar role in case-control studies as the propensity score plays in prospective studies. The authors further show how standardization using the stratification score can be used to compare the distributions of exposures that would be found among case and control participants if both groups had the same distribution of confounding covariables. The authors illustrate these results using data from a genome-wide association study, the GAIN (Genetic Association Information Network) study of schizophrenia among African Americans (2006-2008).
病例对照研究的分层评分是将疾病概率建模为潜在混杂因素的函数。作者表明，分层评分是一种回顾性平衡评分，因此在病例对照研究中扮演着与倾向评分在前瞻性研究中相似的角色。作者进一步展示了如何使用分层评分进行标准化，以比较如果两组具有相同的混杂协变量分布，病例组和对照组参与者之间发现的暴露分布。作者使用来自全基因组关联研究（GAIN 研究）的精神分裂症在非裔美国人中的数据（2006-2008 年）来说明这些结果。
