Center for Health and the Global Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA; email:
School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA.
Annu Rev Public Health. 2021 Apr 1;42:293-315. doi: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-012420-105026. Epub 2021 Jan 6.
Extreme weather and climate events, such as heat waves, cyclones, and floods, are an expression of climate variability. These events and events influenced by climate change, such as wildfires, continue to cause significant human morbidity and mortality and adversely affect mental health and well-being. Although adverse health impacts from extreme events declined over the past few decades, climate change and more people moving into harm's way could alter this trend. Long-term changes to Earth's energy balance are increasing the frequency and intensity of many extreme events and the probability of compound events, with trends projected to accelerate under certain greenhouse gas emissions scenarios. While most of these events cannot be completely avoided, many of the health risks could be prevented through building climate-resilient health systems with improved risk reduction, preparation, response, and recovery. Conducting vulnerability and adaptation assessments and developing health system adaptation plans can identify priority actions to effectively reduce risks, such as disaster risk management and more resilient infrastructure. The risks are urgent, so action is needed now.
极端天气和气候事件，如热浪、气旋和洪水，是气候变化的表现。这些事件以及受气候变化影响的事件，如野火，继续导致大量人口发病率和死亡率上升，并对心理健康和幸福感产生不利影响。尽管过去几十年中，极端事件造成的不良健康影响有所减少，但气候变化和更多人处于危险境地可能会改变这一趋势。地球能量平衡的长期变化正在增加许多极端事件的频率和强度，以及复合事件的可能性，在某些温室气体排放情景下，这些趋势预计将加速。虽然这些事件大多数无法完全避免，但通过建立具有改进风险减少、准备、应对和恢复能力的气候适应型卫生系统，可以预防许多健康风险。进行脆弱性和适应评估并制定卫生系统适应计划，可以确定优先采取的行动，以有效降低风险，如灾害风险管理和更具弹性的基础设施。这些风险迫在眉睫，因此现在就需要采取行动。
