提高无创通气时经鼻给予的气雾剂的肺部传递-增强凝结生长（ECG）的应用。
Improving the lung delivery of nasally administered aerosols during noninvasive ventilation-an application of enhanced condensational growth (ECG).
机构信息
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, 23284-3015, USA.
出版信息
J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv. 2011 Apr;24(2):103-18. doi: 10.1089/jamp.2010.0849. Epub 2011 Mar 16.
BACKGROUND
Aerosol drug delivery during noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is known to be inefficient due to high depositional losses. To improve drug delivery efficiency, the concept of enhanced condensational growth (ECG) was recently proposed in which a submicrometer or nanoaerosol reduces extrathoracic deposition and subsequent droplet size increase promotes lung retention. The objective of this study was to provide proof-of-concept that the ECG approach could improve lung delivery of nasally administered aerosols under conditions consistent with NIV.
METHODS
Aerosol deposition and size increase were evaluated in an adult nose-mouth-throat (NMT) replica geometry using both in vitro experiments and CFD simulations. For the ECG delivery approach, separate streams of a submicrometer aerosol and warm (39°C) saturated air were generated and delivered to the right and left nostril inlets, respectively. A control case was also considered in which an aerosol with a mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 4.67 μm was delivered to the model.
RESULTS
In vitro experiments showed that the ECG approach significantly reduced the drug deposition fraction in the NMT geometry compared with the control case [14.8 (1.83)%-ECG vs. 72.6 (3.7)%-control]. Aerosol size increased from an initial MMAD of 900 nm to a size of approximately 2 μm at the exit of the NMT geometry. Results of the CFD model were generally in good agreement with the experimental findings. Based on CFD predictions, increasing the delivery temperature of the aerosol stream from 21 to 35°C under ECG conditions further reduced the total NMT drug deposition to 5% and maintained aerosol growth by ECG to approximately 2 μm.
CONCLUSIONS
Application of the ECG approach may significantly improve the delivery of pharmaceutical aerosols during NIV and may open the door for using the nasal route to routinely deliver pulmonary medications.
背景
由于沉积损失较高，非侵入性通气（NIV）期间的气溶胶药物输送已知效率低下。为了提高药物输送效率，最近提出了增强凝结生长（ECG）的概念，其中亚微米或纳米气溶胶减少胸外沉积，随后的液滴尺寸增加促进肺部保留。本研究的目的是提供概念验证，即 ECG 方法可以在与 NIV 一致的条件下改善鼻内给药气溶胶的肺部输送。
方法
在成人口鼻喉（NMT）复制几何形状中，通过体外实验和 CFD 模拟评估了气溶胶沉积和尺寸增加。对于 ECG 输送方法，分别生成亚微米气溶胶和温暖（39°C）饱和空气的单独流，并分别输送到右鼻孔和左鼻孔入口。还考虑了一个对照案例，其中将质量中值空气动力学直径（MMAD）为 4.67μm 的气溶胶输送到模型中。
结果
体外实验表明，与对照情况相比，ECG 方法显着减少了 NMT 几何形状中的药物沉积分数[14.8（1.83）%-ECG 与 72.6（3.7）%-对照]。气溶胶尺寸从初始 MMAD 为 900nm 增加到 NMT 几何形状出口处的约 2μm。CFD 模型的结果通常与实验结果吻合良好。基于 CFD 预测，在 ECG 条件下将气溶胶流的输送温度从 21°C 增加到 35°C 进一步将 NMT 的总药物沉积减少到 5%，并通过 ECG 将气溶胶生长维持在约 2μm。
结论
ECG 方法的应用可能会显着改善 NIV 期间药物气溶胶的输送，并可能为常规使用鼻腔途径输送肺部药物开辟道路。
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