Weinberg A, Naglik J R, Kohli A, Tugizov S M, Fidel P L, Liu Y, Herzberg M
Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Adv Dent Res. 2011 Apr;23(1):122-9. doi: 10.1177/0022034511399917.
The majority of HIV infections are initiated at mucosal sites. The oral mucosal tissue has been shown to be a potential route of entry in humans and primates. Whereas HIV RNA, proviral DNA, and infected cells are detected in the oral mucosa and saliva of infected individuals, it appears that the oral mucosa is not permissive for efficient HIV replication and therefore may differ in susceptibility to infection when compared to other mucosal sites. Since there is no definitive information regarding the fate of the HIV virion in mucosal epithelium, there is a pressing need to understand what occurs when the virus is in contact with this tissue, what mechanisms are in play to determine the outcome, and to what degree the mechanisms and outcomes differ between mucosal sites. Workshop 1B tackled 5 important questions to define current knowledge about epithelial cell-derived innate immune agents, commensal and endogenous pathogens, and epithelial cells and cells of the adaptive immune system and how they contribute to dissemination or resistance to HIV infection. Discovering factors that explain the differential susceptibility and resistance to HIV infection in mucosal sites will allow for the identification and development of novel protective strategies.
大多数HIV感染始于黏膜部位。口腔黏膜组织已被证明是人类和灵长类动物潜在的病毒进入途径。虽然在受感染个体的口腔黏膜和唾液中可检测到HIV RNA、前病毒DNA和受感染细胞，但口腔黏膜似乎不允许HIV有效复制，因此与其他黏膜部位相比，其感染易感性可能有所不同。由于目前尚无关于HIV病毒体在黏膜上皮细胞中命运的确切信息，因此迫切需要了解病毒与该组织接触时会发生什么、决定结果的机制有哪些，以及这些机制和结果在不同黏膜部位之间的差异程度。研讨会1B解决了5个重要问题，以明确当前关于上皮细胞衍生的固有免疫因子、共生和内源性病原体以及上皮细胞和适应性免疫系统细胞的知识，以及它们如何促进或抵抗HIV感染的传播。发现能够解释黏膜部位对HIV感染易感性和抵抗力差异的因素，将有助于识别和开发新的保护性策略。
