Nittayananta Wipawee, Tao Renchuan, Jiang Lanlan, Peng Yuanyuan, Huang Yuxiao
Graduate School, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.
Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.
J Oral Pathol Med. 2016 Jan;45(1):3-8. doi: 10.1111/jop.12304. Epub 2015 Jan 31.
Oral innate immunity, an important component in host defense and immune surveillance in the oral cavity, plays a crucial role in the regulation of oral health. As part of the innate immune system, epithelial cells lining oral mucosal surfaces not only provide a physical barrier but also produce different antimicrobial peptides, including human β-defensins (hBDs), secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), and various cytokines. These innate immune mediators help in maintaining oral homeostasis. When they are impaired either by local or systemic causes, various oral infections and malignancies may be developed. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and other co-infections appear to have both direct and indirect effects on systemic and local innate immunity leading to the development of oral opportunistic infections and malignancies. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the standard treatment of HIV infection, contributed to a global reduction of HIV-associated oral lesions. However, prolonged use of HAART may lead to adverse effects on the oral innate immunity resulting in the relapse of oral lesions. This review article focused on the roles of oral innate immunity in HIV infection in HAART era. The following five key questions were addressed: (i) What are the roles of oral innate immunity in health and disease?, (ii) What are the effects of HIV infection on oral innate immunity?, (iii) What are the roles of oral innate immunity against other co-infections?, (iv) What are the effects of HAART on oral innate immunity?, and (v) Is oral innate immunity enhanced by HAART?
口腔固有免疫是口腔宿主防御和免疫监视的重要组成部分，在口腔健康调节中发挥着关键作用。作为固有免疫系统的一部分，口腔黏膜表面的上皮细胞不仅提供物理屏障，还产生不同的抗菌肽，包括人β-防御素（hBDs）、分泌型白细胞蛋白酶抑制剂（SLPI）和各种细胞因子。这些固有免疫介质有助于维持口腔内环境稳定。当它们因局部或全身原因受损时，可能会发生各种口腔感染和恶性肿瘤。人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染和其他合并感染似乎对全身和局部固有免疫都有直接和间接影响，导致口腔机会性感染和恶性肿瘤的发生。高效抗逆转录病毒治疗（HAART）作为HIV感染的标准治疗方法，使全球范围内与HIV相关的口腔病变有所减少。然而，长期使用HAART可能会对口腔固有免疫产生不利影响，导致口腔病变复发。这篇综述文章聚焦于HAART时代口腔固有免疫在HIV感染中的作用。探讨了以下五个关键问题：（i）口腔固有免疫在健康和疾病中的作用是什么？（ii）HIV感染对口腔固有免疫有何影响？（iii）口腔固有免疫对其他合并感染的作用是什么？（iv）HAART对口腔固有免疫有何影响？（v）HAART是否能增强口腔固有免疫？
