Dämon Sabine, Schätzer Manuel, Höfler Jürgen, Tomasec Goran, Hoppichler Friedrich
SIPCAN - Special Institute for Preventive Cardiology and Nutrition, Salzburg, Austria.
Wien Med Wochenschr. 2011 Jun;161(11-12):282-8. doi: 10.1007/s10354-011-0888-4. Epub 2011 Apr 4.
Overwhelming evidence exists supporting the benefit of lifestyle and nutritional interventions to prevent or delay type 2 and gestational diabetes and improve glycemic control and co-morbidities in patients of all sub-types of diabetes mellitus. Therefore, nutritional therapy is an indispensable and fundamental treatment component, which has to be based on evidence-based recommendations, adapted for dietary intake and medication, and periodically adapted according to diagnosis and individual course of illness. This overview is based on the currently valid evidence-based nutritional recommendations of the European and American Diabetes Associations for the management of diabetes mellitus. It describes the quality and quantity of beneficial macronutrient (carbohydrates, fat, and protein) and micronutrient intake, alcohol consumption, and food groups. Moreover, the evidence for supplements and functional foods is summarized and the role of body weight and different weight loss diets are discussed.
大量证据表明，生活方式和营养干预对于预防或延缓2型糖尿病和妊娠期糖尿病，以及改善所有亚型糖尿病患者的血糖控制和合并症具有益处。因此，营养治疗是不可或缺的基本治疗组成部分，必须基于循证推荐，根据饮食摄入和药物治疗进行调整，并根据诊断和个体病程定期调整。本综述基于欧美糖尿病协会目前有效的糖尿病管理循证营养推荐。它描述了有益的宏量营养素（碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质）和微量营养素摄入的质量和数量、酒精消费以及食物类别。此外，还总结了补充剂和功能性食品的证据，并讨论了体重和不同减肥饮食的作用。
