Tan Mun Chieng, Ng Ooi Chuan, Wong Teck Wee, Joseph Anthony, Hejar Abdul Rahman, Rushdan Abdul Aziz
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. ; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
Clin Nutr Res. 2015 Jan;4(1):18-31. doi: 10.7762/cnr.2015.4.1.18. Epub 2014 Dec 22.
This analytical cross-sectional study examined the nutrient intakes, dietary compliance, dietary supplementation and traditional remedy usage in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients from selected tertiary hospitals in multi-racial Malaysia. We compared the different characteristics of T2DM patients with and without cardiovascular disease (CVD). Socio-demographic status, dietary intakes, dietary supplementation, traditional remedy use, medical history, anthropometric measurements and clinical characteristics were obtained from face-to-face interviews. A total of 313 patients who were treated for T2DM participated in this study, in which 36.1% of them had CVD. The mean age of study subjects was 55.7 ± 9.2 years; mean diabetes duration was 10.1 ± 8.1 years; 52.1% were females; and 47.0% were Malays. The mean total energy intake of the subjects was 1674 ± 694 kcal/day, and patients with CVD consumed higher total calories (p = 0.001). Likewise, the mean carbohydrate, protein and total fat intake of CVD patients were significantly higher than non-CVD patients (p < 0.05), while mean intakes of cholesterol, fibre, minerals and all vitamins were comparable between CVD and non-CVD patients. Regardless of CVD status, a notably high proportion of the subjects did not meet the recommendations of the Medical Nutrition Therapy Guidelines for Type 2 Diabetes for total energy, carbohydrate, protein, total fat, and fibre intakes. Meanwhile, 52.4% used at least one dietary supplement and 12.1% took single traditional remedy or in various combinations. Traditional remedies and supplement intake did not differ between CVD and non-CVD subjects. It is suggested that T2DM patients should be educated based on their personalized dietary intake, dietary supplementation and traditional remedy usage. The recommendations for T2DM patients shall be met to achieve the optimal metabolic goals and minimize the potential diabetic complications.
这项分析性横断面研究调查了马来西亚多民族地区选定的三级医院中2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者的营养摄入、饮食依从性、膳食补充剂使用情况和传统疗法使用情况。我们比较了患有和未患有心血管疾病（CVD）的T2DM患者的不同特征。通过面对面访谈获取社会人口统计学状况、饮食摄入、膳食补充剂使用、传统疗法使用、病史、人体测量数据和临床特征。共有313名接受T2DM治疗的患者参与了本研究，其中36.1%患有CVD。研究对象的平均年龄为55.7±9.2岁；平均糖尿病病程为10.1±8.1年；52.1%为女性；47.0%为马来人。研究对象的平均总能量摄入量为1674±694千卡/天，患有CVD的患者摄入的总热量更高（p = 0.001）。同样，CVD患者的平均碳水化合物、蛋白质和总脂肪摄入量显著高于非CVD患者（p < 0.05），而CVD患者和非CVD患者之间的胆固醇、纤维、矿物质和所有维生素的平均摄入量相当。无论CVD状况如何，相当高比例的研究对象在总能量、碳水化合物、蛋白质、总脂肪和纤维摄入量方面未达到2型糖尿病医学营养治疗指南的建议。同时，52.4%的患者至少使用一种膳食补充剂，12.1%的患者服用单一传统疗法或多种组合。CVD患者和非CVD患者在传统疗法和补充剂摄入方面没有差异。建议根据T2DM患者的个性化饮食摄入、膳食补充剂使用和传统疗法使用情况进行教育。应满足T2DM患者的建议，以实现最佳代谢目标并尽量减少潜在的糖尿病并发症。
