Department of Educational Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 226 Education Building, 1310 South Sixth Street, Champaign, Illinois 61820-6990, USA.
Psychol Aging. 2011 Sep;26(3):738-43. doi: 10.1037/a0022359.
The current study investigated the nature of the flow state among older adults. Flow is a pleasurable experiential state that occurs during full-capacity engagement in which an individual is performing at a level that is matched with the demands of the task. Each participant completed a scale assessing dimensions of flow in a particular activity selected by the participant. More cognitively demanding activities elicited higher levels of flow for those with higher fluid ability, but lower levels of flow for those with lower fluid ability. This pattern was reversed for activities that were low in demand. Our data highlight the potential importance of considering motivational states such as flow in understanding cognitive optimization in adulthood.
本研究调查了老年人流畅状态的本质。流畅是一种愉快的体验状态，发生在充分投入能力的过程中，个体的表现与任务的要求相匹配。每位参与者都完成了一项评估参与者选择的特定活动中流畅维度的量表。对于流体能力较高的人来说，认知要求较高的活动会产生更高水平的流畅感，但对于流体能力较低的人来说，流畅感水平较低。对于需求较低的活动，则相反。我们的数据强调了在理解成年认知优化时考虑诸如流畅感等动机状态的潜在重要性。
