Patton Susana R
University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160-7330, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2011 Apr;111(4):550-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2011.01.016.
This article reviewed current findings on dietary adherence in youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), discussed factors predicting dietary adherence, and presented directions for future research. The included studies involved youth with T1DM, presented dietary adherence data specifically, and/or described usual dietary patterns in youth. Articles that explored predictors had to focus exclusively on dietary adherence. The final sample was 23 articles. Adherence articles were organized into two categories: eating behaviors and macronutrients and dietary recommendations. Rates of adherence to eating behaviors ranged from 21% to 95%. Studies examining macronutrients and dietary recommendations revealed higher than recommended intakes of fat and saturated fat and lower than recommended intakes of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Six studies investigated factors predicting dietary adherence. These studies revealed associations with child behavior problems and knowledge deficits. The available literature identified many youth with T1DM struggling with adherence and not meeting dietary guidelines for their disease. Future research should examine diet in youth exclusively on intensive insulin regimens, community-based predictors of diet, and the influence of mood on dietary adherence.
本文回顾了1型糖尿病（T1DM）青少年饮食依从性的当前研究结果，讨论了预测饮食依从性的因素，并提出了未来研究的方向。纳入的研究涉及T1DM青少年，具体呈现了饮食依从性数据，和/或描述了青少年的日常饮食模式。探索预测因素的文章必须专门关注饮食依从性。最终样本为23篇文章。依从性文章分为两类：饮食行为、宏量营养素和饮食建议。饮食行为的依从率在21%至95%之间。研究宏量营养素和饮食建议的结果显示，脂肪和饱和脂肪的摄入量高于推荐值，而水果、蔬菜和全谷物的摄入量低于推荐值。六项研究调查了预测饮食依从性的因素。这些研究揭示了与儿童行为问题和知识缺陷的关联。现有文献表明，许多T1DM青少年在饮食依从性方面存在困难，未达到针对其疾病的饮食指南要求。未来的研究应专门考察采用强化胰岛素治疗方案的青少年的饮食、基于社区的饮食预测因素，以及情绪对饮食依从性的影响。
