Githinji Edward K, Irungu Lucy W, Tonui Willy K, Rukunga Geoffrey M, Mutai Charles, Muthaura Charles N, Lugalia Reuben, Gikandi Geoffrey, Wainaina Caroline W, Ingonga Johnston M, Wanjoya Antony
University of Nairobi, Kenya.
Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2010 Apr 3;7(3):264-75. doi: 10.4314/ajtcam.v7i3.54791.
Plant extracts from Warburgia ugandensis Sprague (Family: Canellaceae), Psiadia punctulata Vatke (Family: Compositae) and Chasmanthera dependens Hoschst (Family: Menispermaceae) were tested for activity on Leishmania major promastigotes (Strain IDU/KE/83 = NLB-144) and infected macrophages in vitro. Plants were collected from Baringo district, dried, extracted, weighed and tested for antileishmanial activity. Serial dilutions of the crude extracts were assayed for their activity against Leishmania major in cell free cultures and in infected macrophages in vitro. Inhibitory concentrations and levels of cytotoxicity were determined. Warburgia ugandensis, Psiadia punctulata and Chasmanthera dependens had an IC(50) of 1.114 mg/ml, 2.216 mg/ml and 4.648 mg/ml, respectively. The cytotoxicity of the drugs on BALB/c peritoneal macrophage cells was insignificant as compared to the highly toxic drug of choice Pentostam(®). The supernatants from control and Leishmania infected macrophages were analyzed for their nitrite contents by Griess reaction and nitrite absorbance measured at 540 nm. Warburgia ugandensis (stem bark water extract), Chasmanthera dependens (stem bark water extract) and Psiadia punctulata (stem bark methanol extract) produced 112.3%, 94% and 88.5% more nitric oxide than the untreated infected macrophages respectively. Plant crude extracts had significant (p<0.05) anti-leishmanial and immunomodulative effects but insignificant cytotoxic effects at 1mg/ml concentration. All experiments were performed in triplicate. Statistical analysis of the differences between mean values obtained from the experimental group compared to the controls was done by students't test. ANOVA was used to determine the differences between the various treatment groups. The analysis program Probit was used to determine IC(50)s.
对来自乌干达沃氏樟（樟科）、点叶刺冠菊（菊科）和依赖南美防己（防己科）的植物提取物进行了体外抗硕大利什曼原虫前鞭毛体（菌株IDU/KE/83 = NLB - 144）及感染巨噬细胞活性的测试。植物采自巴林戈区，经干燥、提取、称重后进行抗利什曼活性测试。对粗提物进行系列稀释，测定其在无细胞培养体系及体外感染巨噬细胞中对硕大利什曼原虫的活性。测定抑制浓度及细胞毒性水平。乌干达沃氏樟、点叶刺冠菊和依赖南美防己的半数抑制浓度（IC50）分别为1.114 mg/ml、2.216 mg/ml和4.648 mg/ml。与高毒性的首选药物喷他脒相比，这些药物对BALB/c腹膜巨噬细胞的细胞毒性不显著。通过格里斯反应分析对照及利什曼原虫感染巨噬细胞的上清液中亚硝酸盐含量，并在540 nm处测定亚硝酸盐吸光度。乌干达沃氏樟（茎皮水提取物）、依赖南美防己（茎皮水提取物）和点叶刺冠菊（茎皮甲醇提取物）分别比未处理的感染巨噬细胞产生多112.3%、94%和88.5%的一氧化氮。植物粗提物在1mg/ml浓度时具有显著（p<0.05）的抗利什曼及免疫调节作用，但细胞毒性不显著。所有实验均重复三次。通过学生t检验对实验组与对照组所得平均值之间的差异进行统计分析。采用方差分析确定各治疗组之间的差异。使用概率分析程序确定IC50值。
