Department of Biomedical Analysis, Utrecht University, PO Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Mass Spectrom Rev. 2011 Nov-Dec;30(6):1096-120. doi: 10.1002/mas.20313. Epub 2011 Apr 1.
A major step forward in the development and application of capillary electrophoresis (CE) was its coupling to ESI-MS, first reported in 1987. More than two decades later, ESI has remained the principal ionization technique in CE-MS, but a number of other ionization techniques have also been implemented. In this review the state-of-the-art in the employment of soft ionization techniques for CE-MS is presented. First the fundamentals and general challenges of hyphenating conventional CE and microchip electrophoresis with MS are outlined. After elaborating on the characteristics and role of ESI, emphasis is put on alternative ionization techniques including sonic spray ionization (SSI), thermospray ionization (TSI), atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI), matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) and continuous-flow fast atom bombardment (CF-FAB). The principle of each ionization technique is outlined and the experimental set-ups of the CE-MS couplings are described. The strengths and limitations of each ionization technique with respect to CE-MS are discussed and the applicability of the various systems is illustrated by a number of typical examples.
毛细管电泳（CE）与电喷雾质谱（ESI-MS）联用是 CE 发展和应用的重大突破，这一联用技术于 1987 年首次报道。二十多年后，ESI 仍然是 CE-MS 中的主要离子化技术，但也已经采用了许多其他离子化技术。本文综述了用于 CE-MS 的软电离技术的最新进展。首先概述了 CE 和微芯片电泳与 MS 联用的基本原理和一般挑战。在详细阐述 ESI 的特征和作用之后，重点介绍了替代的离子化技术，包括超声喷雾电离（SSI）、热喷雾电离（TSI）、大气压化学电离（APCI）、大气压光电离（APPI）、基质辅助激光解吸电离（MALDI）和连续流快原子轰击（CF-FAB）。概述了每种离子化技术的原理，并描述了 CE-MS 联用的实验装置。讨论了每种离子化技术相对于 CE-MS 的优缺点，并通过一些典型实例说明了各种系统的适用性。
