Centre for Virology, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
Biomark Med. 2011 Apr;5(2):171-86. doi: 10.2217/bmm.11.15.
Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has significantly reduced morbidity and mortality of HIV-infected patients, yet their life expectancy remains reduced compared with the general population. Most HIV-infected patients receiving cART have some persistent immune dysfunction characterized by chronic immune activation and premature aging of the immune system. Here we review biomarkers of T-cell activation (CD69, -25 and -38, HLA-DR, and soluble CD26 and -30); generalized immune activation (C-reactive protein, IL-6 and D-dimer); microbial translocation (lipopolysaccharide, 16S rDNA, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and soluble CD14); and immune dysfunction of specific cellular subsets (T cells, natural killer cells and monocytes) in HIV-infected patients on cART and their relationship to adverse clinical outcomes including impaired CD4 T-cell recovery, as well as non-AIDS clinical events, such as cardiovascular disease.
联合抗逆转录病毒疗法（cART）显著降低了 HIV 感染患者的发病率和死亡率，但与普通人群相比，他们的预期寿命仍然较低。大多数接受 cART 的 HIV 感染患者存在一些持续的免疫功能障碍，表现为慢性免疫激活和免疫系统过早衰老。在这里，我们回顾了 T 细胞活化标志物（CD69、-25 和 -38、HLA-DR 以及可溶性 CD26 和 -30）；全身性免疫激活标志物（C 反应蛋白、IL-6 和 D-二聚体）；微生物易位标志物（脂多糖、16S rDNA、脂多糖结合蛋白和可溶性 CD14）；以及 cART 治疗的 HIV 感染患者中特定细胞亚群（T 细胞、自然杀伤细胞和单核细胞）的免疫功能障碍，并探讨了它们与不良临床结局的关系，包括 CD4 T 细胞恢复受损，以及非艾滋病临床事件，如心血管疾病。
