Varani Stefania, Landini Maria Paola
Section of Microbiology, Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Herpesviridae. 2011 Apr 7;2(1):6. doi: 10.1186/2042-4280-2-6.
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a ubiquitous DNA virus that causes severe disease in patients with immature or impaired immune systems. During active infection, CMV modulates host immunity, and CMV-infected patients often develop signs of immune dysfunction, such as immunosuppression and autoimmune phenomena. Furthermore, active viral infection has been observed in several autoimmune diseases, and case reports have linked primary CMV infection and the onset of autoimmune disorders. In addition, CMV infection promotes allograft rejection and graft-versus-host disease in solid organ and bone marrow transplant recipients, respectively, further implicating CMV in the genesis and maintenance of immunopathological phenomena. The mechanisms by which CMV could induce inhibition of host defense, inflammation, and autoimmunity are discussed, as is the treatment of virus-induced immunopathology with antivirals.
人巨细胞病毒（CMV）是一种普遍存在的DNA病毒，可在免疫系统不成熟或受损的患者中引发严重疾病。在活跃感染期间，CMV会调节宿主免疫，CMV感染的患者常出现免疫功能障碍的迹象，如免疫抑制和自身免疫现象。此外，在几种自身免疫性疾病中都观察到了活跃的病毒感染，病例报告将原发性CMV感染与自身免疫性疾病的发作联系起来。此外，CMV感染分别促进实体器官移植和骨髓移植受者的同种异体移植排斥反应和移植物抗宿主病，进一步表明CMV与免疫病理现象的发生和维持有关。本文讨论了CMV诱导宿主防御抑制、炎症和自身免疫的机制，以及用抗病毒药物治疗病毒诱导的免疫病理学。
