McDaniel M A, Riegler G L, Waddill P J
Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1990 Sep;16(5):789-98. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.16.5.789.
A framework is presented that helps explain and predict generation effects in free recall (for between-subjects manipulations of generating vs. reading). When the targets share common features and when that shared information is salient to subjects, subjects will exploit that information to help generate the target items. This produces more relational processing among the targets (relative to reading), enhancing free recall. Consistent with this idea, when shared information (among targets) was salient, generation effects in free recall were found under encoding conditions that can disrupt generation effects in cued recall (e.g., pairing targets with unrelated cues). Further, within the same list, generation effects emerged in free recall for targets that were processed after shared information became evident but not for targets processed prior to the availability of the shared information. In recognition, generation effects were found for targets regardless of when they were processed.
本文提出了一个框架，有助于解释和预测自由回忆中的生成效应（针对生成与阅读的被试间操作）。当目标具有共同特征且该共享信息对被试显著时，被试会利用该信息来帮助生成目标项目。这会在目标之间产生更多的关系加工（相对于阅读），增强自由回忆。与这一观点一致的是，当（目标之间的）共享信息显著时，在编码条件下自由回忆中发现了生成效应，而这些编码条件会破坏线索回忆中的生成效应（例如，将目标与无关线索配对）。此外，在同一列表中，对于在共享信息变得明显之后处理的目标，自由回忆中出现了生成效应，但对于在共享信息可用之前处理的目标则没有。在识别中，无论目标何时被处理，都发现了生成效应。
